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ILLINOIS  LIBRARY 
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continental tickets. 

For  further  particulars  or  descriptive  literature 
call  on  or  address. 

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201  Deseret  News  Bldg.,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah 


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California’s  Greatest  Railroad 

THE 

SOUTHERN  PACIFIC 

The  Exposition  Line  1915 

Main  Line  and  Branches  Touch  Practically 
Every  Point  of  Interest  in  the  State 

Safety  and  Service  Unexcelled 

THE  MOST  DIRECT  LINE  WEST 

We  Desire  to  Serve  You  Efficiently 
Let  Us  Know  How  We  May  Do  So. 

C.  S.  FEE  C.  L.  McFAUL 

P.  T.  M.  D.  F.  & P.  A. 

San  Francisco,  Salt  Lake  City 

Calif.  Utah 

SOUTHERN  PACIFIC 


THE  SCENIC  ROUTE 


EAST  OR  WEST 

DENVER,  firPIO  ftRANDE 
WESTERN  PACIFIC 

“The  Royal  Gorge  — Feather  River 
Canon  Route’ 1 

^ Penetrates  the  heart  of  the  Rocky  and  Sierra-Ne- 
vada  Mountains  and  offers  more  noted  ^Scenic*  at- 
tractions, that  can  be  seen  from  the  train  than  any 
other  transcontinental  line. 

The  marvelous  scenic  attractions  along  the  main 
line  combined  with  convenient  train  and  superior 
dining  car  service,  gives  the  traveler  a trip  of  stim- 
ulating interest  and  maximum  comfort. 

Through  Pullman  Standard  and  Tourist  Sleeping 
Cars  daily  to  Pueblo,  Colorado  Springs,  Denver, 
Kansas  City,  St.  Louis,  Omaha  and  Chicago  on  the 
East  and  Oroville,  Marysville,  Sacramento,  Stockton, 
Oakland  and  San  Francisco  on  the  West. 

Illustrated  descriptive  literature  free  on  request: 

I.  A.  Benton,  G.  A.,  P.  D.,  Salt  Lake  City 
E.  L.  Lomax,  Frank  A.  Wadleigh, 

Asst.  Passenger  Traffic  Mgr.,  Passenger  Traffic  Mgr. 

San  Francisco,  Cal.  Denver,  Colo. 


TEMPLE  BLOCK,  SALT  LAKE  CITY,  UTAH 


Its  People,  Resources,  At- 
tractions and  Institutions 


Compiled  From  Authentic  Infor- 
mation and  the  Latest  Reports 

COMPLIMENTS  OF 

THE  BUREAU  OF  INFORMATION 
TEMPLE  BLOCK,  SALT  LAKE  CITY 


Representatives  of  the  Bureau  of  Information 
may  be  found  at  the  following  addresses 


Eastern  States — Walter  P.  Monson,  33  West  126th  Street,  N.  Y. 

Northern  States — German  E.  Ellsworth,  2555  N.  Sawyer  Street, 
Chicago,  111. 

Southern  States — Chas.  A.  Callis,  711  Fairview  Avenue,  Chatta- 
nooga, Tenn. 

Central  States — Samuel  O.  Reunion,  302  So.  Pleasant  Street,  Inde- 
pendence, Mo. 

Western  States— John  L.  Herrick,  622  W.  6th  Ave.,  Denver,  Colo. 

Northwestern  States — Melvin  J.  Ballard,  264  East  25th  Street, 
Portland,  Ore.  Seattle — S06  Newton  Street.  Spokane — So. 

421  McClellan  Street.  Butte — 614  Nevada  Avenue.  Boise — 
504  Washington  Street. 

California — Jos.  E Robinson,  153  W.  Adams  Street,  Los  Angeles, 
Cal.,  and  724  Broderick  Street,  San  Francisco. 

Great  Britain — Hyrum  M.  Smith,  Durham  House,  295  Edge  Lane, 
Liverpool,  and  152  High  Road,  Tottenham,  London,  England. 

Switzerland  and  Germany — Hyrum  W.  Valentine,  Rheinlander  Str. 
10,  Basel,  Switzerland. 

Netherlands — Le  Grand  Richards.  Crooswijkschesingel  7-B,  Rot- 
terdam, Holland. 

Scandinavia — Hans  Christiansen,  Korsgade  11,  Copenhagen,  Den- 
mark. 

Australia — Don  C.  Rushton,  Pemell  Street,  Newton,  Sydney. 

New  Zealand — William  Gardner,  Box  72,  Auckland,  New  Zealand. 

Society  Islands — Franklin  J.  Fullmer,  Papeete,  Tahiti,  S.  I. 

Samoa — John  A.  Nelson,  Jr.,  Pesega,  Apia,  Upolu,  Samoa. 

Sandwich  Islands — S.  E.  Woolley,  P.  O.  Box  410,  Honolulu,  H.  T. 

Japan — PI.  Grant  Ivins,  81  Yakuojimae  Machi,^  Ushigome  Ku, 
Tokyo,  Japan. 

Sweden — A.  Theodore  Tobiason,  Svartgatan  3,  Stockholm. 

South  Africa — Nicholas  G.  Smith,  7 Bridge  Street,  Woodstock, 
Cape  Colony. 

British  Columbia — 1269  8th  Avenue  West,  Vancouver,  B.  C. 

France — Jesse  R.  Pettit,  Rue  Jose  Maria  de  Heredia  11,  Paris. 


New  State  Capitol. 

UTAH 


Utah  is  a land  of  mountains,  valleys  and  plateaus.  The 
Wasatch  range  extends  throughout  the  greater  part  of  its  length, 
dividing  the  State  into  two  quite  distinct  geographical  areas — the 
succession  of  extremely  fertile  valleys  lying  along  the  western 
base  of  the  range,  with  the  mountain  and  desert  regions  of  the 
western-most  part  of  the  State;  and  the  high  plateaus  to  the  east- 
ward bounded  by  the  Wasatch  on  the  west  and  the  long  high  ridge 
of  the  Uintah  range  on  the  north. 

These  two  great  ranges  are  the  determining  features  of  Utah 
geography.  To  the  west  the  drainage  is  into  the  Great  Salt  Lake, 
to  the  east  into  the  Colorado  river.  All  except  the  western  part  is 
comparatively  well  watered  by  the  numerous  streams  which  flow 
down  the  canyons,  fed  by  the  abundant  winter  snows  and  the  gen- 
erous summer  rainfall  of  the  higher  altitudes.  The  larger  of  these 


6 


Utah. 


streams  are  the  Bear,  the  Ogden,  the  Weber,  and  the  Provo,  all 

emptying  in  Salt  Lake; 
and  the  Duchesne, 
and  the  Price,  tribu- 
taries of  the  Green, 
one  of  the  two  great 
branches  of  the  Colo- 
rado. Though  as  yet 
most  of  the  farm  lands 
are  found  in  the  cent- 
ral valleys,  most  of 
the  high  eastern 
plateau,  as  well  as 
much  of  the  western 
desert,  is  exceptionally 
fertile,  Jn  fact,  with  regard  to  rainfall  and  fertility,  the  State 
should  be  designated  as  semi-aricl  instead  of  arid.  The  term  desert 
is  properly  applicable  only  to  the  region  immediately  west  of  the 
Great  Salt  Lake. 

The  interposition  of  mountain,  valley,  and  plateau  gives  to 
Utah  an  infinite  variety  of  landscape  and  of  industrial  resource. 
Much  of  the  western  face  of  the  Wasatch  is  barren,  craggy — even 
desolate.  But  these  barren  crags  are  the  portals  of  deep  canyons, 
which  penetrate  to  cool  mountain  recesses;  to  deep,  clear  lakes, 
guarded  by  snowy  peaks,  towering  aloft  into  skies  of  rarer 
blue  than  those  of  storied  Greece  and  Italy;  to  forests  of  white 
columned  aspen,  fragrant  pine,  and  spicy  balsam;  to  grassy  parks 
abloom  with  the  rarest  of  alpine  flora:  to  deep  brown  trout  pools;  to 
the  haur.ts  of  big  game;  to  magnificent  upland  valleys,  where  thou- 
sands of  sheep  and  cattle  fatten  upon  the  luxuriant  mountain  forage. 

In  limes  net  far  past  nearly  the  whole  of  western  Utah  was 
covered  by  a great  inland  sea  many  times  larger  than  the  present 
vestigil  lake  and  more  than  a thousand  feet  deep.  High  on  the 
mountain  sides  this  predecessor  of  our  present  Great  Salt  Lake  has 
left  terraces  carved  out  while  its  surface  was  at  that  height  and 
while  it  was  sending  its  overflow  to  the  Pacific  ocean — through  the 
channel  of  the  Columbia  river.  This  inland  sea  lias  been  called 
Lake  Bonneville,  in  honor  of  Captain  Bonneville,  who  was  the  first 
to  give  anything  like  an  adequate  account  of  its  existence. 


Pre-Colonization  Times 


This  land,  so  well  and  variously  fitted  to  be  the  home  of  man, 
must  have  lain  for  ages  uninhabited.  But  somewhere  in  the  re- 
mote past,  into  the  southern  gorges  came  a mysterious  people, 
building  their  homes  in  the  high  cliffs,  while  northward  a few  scat- 
tered, nearly  naked,  savages,  long  had  the  country  all  to  themselves, 
living  upon  fish  and  game,  which  they  shot  with  rude  arrows  tipped 
with  rough-chipped  flint.  Finally  from  the  southern  desert  land 
came  Cardenas,  the  Spaniard;  two  centuries  later  the  priest,  Esca- 
lante, making  his  difficult 


City  Creek  Canyon. 

the  first  settlement  of  white  men  in 
a runaway  apprentice  destined  to 


way  through  the  precipitous 
gorges  of  the  mighty  Colo- 
rado. Then-  a few  decades 
later,  the  first  of  the  Anglo- 
Saxons,  intermingled  with 
the  French  explorers — Peter 
Skeen  Ogden,  Ashley,  Jede- 
diah  Smith,  Etienne  Provost, 
David  Jackson  Milton  and 
William  Sublette,  Fitzpat- 
rick, Greene,  Henry,  and  Jim 
Bridger.  In  search  of  furs 
and  adventure  these  hardy 
explorers  followed  the  In- 
dian trails  or  blazed  new 
ones  through  the  canyons  of 
the  Uintah  and  the  Wasatch 
mountains,  and  floated  their 
canoes  on  the  turbulent 
waters  of  the  Colorado. 
Near  the  “Flaming  Gorge"’ 
of  the  Green  river  other 
trappers  built  Fort  Crockett, 
Utah,  and  out  from  here  hunted 
the  path-finder  Fremont 
of  Utah  the  name  of  Kit 
frontier  adventure. 

path-finders,  Jede 


guide 

and  to  link  with  the  chasms  and  gorges 
Carson,  the  hero  of  innumerable  tales  of 

It  was  in  1S*2(V  that  that  Knight-errant  of 


8 


diah  Smith,  penetrated  the  mountains  to  the  eastward  and  emerged 
upon  the  site  of  the  present  capital  and  metropolis  of  Utah,  and 
wrote  for  the  people  of  Missouri  the  first  account  to  be  published 
of  the  Great  Salt  Lake.  Twenty  years  later,  debonair  Lansford 
Hastings,  most  picturesque  and  reckless  of  guides,  led  a company 
of  California-bound  emigrants  down  the  Weber,  while  Donner  and 
Reed,  turning  from  his  course  at  the  mouth  of  Echo  canyon,  made 
a way  for  their  ill-fated  followers  along  East  and  Emigration  can- 
yons. The  next  year  following  close  in  their  wagon  tracks  came 
Brigham  Young  and  the  Mormon  pioneers,  settlers  of  the  land. 

The  Pioneers 

By  Levi  Edgar  Young 

‘‘With  aching  hands  and  bleeding  feet, 

We  dig  and  heap,  lay  stone  on  stone. 

We  bear  the  burden  and  the  heat, 

Of  that  long  day,  and  wish  ’twere  done. 

Not  till  the  hours  of  light  return 
All  we  have  built  do  we  discern.” 

— Matthew  Arnold. 

The  history  of  Utah  is  the  story  of  good  homes,  where  parents 
have  been  just,  temperate  and  kind;  and  where  everything  has  been 
done  to  create  a healthy,  moral  outlook  upon  life.  Religion  to  the 
“Mormon”  people  has  been  a constructive  force,  for  it  has  directed 
them  to  their  work,  and  has  affiliated  itself  with  the  material  pur- 
suits of  life,  and  all  the  social  forces  in  their  history. 

The  pioneers  came  from 
the  State  of  Illinois,  arriving 
here  July  24th,  1847.  During 
the  winter  of  1845-46,  their 
city  of  Nauvoo  was  deserted, 
a city  that  had  become 
known  far  and  wide  for  its 
clean  municipal  government 
and  healthy  moral  condition. 
Its  people  were  now  exiled 
from  the  country  they  loved 
so  much,  but  with  hope  for  the  future  and  a firm  trust  in  God,  they 


The  Pioneers. 


9 


began  their  preparations  to  move  to  new  lands,  where  “they  might 
build  home  and  cities,  and  establish  an  equality  of  opportunity  for 
themselves  and  their  children.’  They  gave  up  their  farms  and 
homes  for  which  they  realized  little.  Could  one  have  looked  into 
the  typical  "Mormon”  home  in  Nauvoo  during  its  last  months  of 
life  and  activity,  one  would  have  seen  the  women  making  tents  and 
wagon  covers,  stockings  and  bed  clothes;  and  the  men  preparing 
timber  for  wagons,  and  gathering  all  kinds  of  iron  for  horse  shoes 
and  wagon  tires.  They  collected  all  the  corn,  wheat,  bacon  and  po- 
tatoes they  could,  and  exchanged  their  land  for  horses,  cattle,  and 
wagons.  In  February,  1S46,  they  left  Nauvo*o  and  crossing  the  Mis- 
sissippi on  the  ice,  began 
their  journey  across  the 
territory  of  Iowa  to  the 
Missouri  river.  It  was 
bitter  cold  weather.  Snow 
covered  the  earth,  and  the 
waste  before  them  was 
cheerless.  Tents  were 
pitched,  and  beds  made  on 
the  damp  earth.  Notwith- 
standing the  camp  fires, 
everything  was  dreary. 
During  the  first  night,  nine  babies  were  born,  but  the 
patient,  loving  mothers  never  despaired.  Just  above  what 
is  now  Omaha,  Winter  Quarters  was  established,  and  sev- 
en hundred  log  cabins,  with  one  hundred  and  fifty  dug-outs, 
became  the  homes  of  the  wanderers.  A flour  mill  was  built  and  a 
good  school  was  maintained.  During  the  winter  of  1846-47,  many 
died  of  hunger  and  cold.  Winter  Quarters  had  been  somewhat  de- 
pleted of  its  robust  men,  as  five  hundred  of  the  ablest  bodied  of 
them  had  gone  to  Santa  Fe  as  United  States  soldiers  to  fight  for 
their  country  in  the  war  with  Mexico. 

In  the  spring  of  3 847,  Winter  Quarters  was  astir  with  the  prep- 
arations of  the  first  band  of  emigrants  to  the  far  west.  Brigham 
Young  was  at  the  head  of  his  people,  and  with  a picked  company 
of  one  hundred  and  forty-three  men,  three  women,  and  two  chil- 
dren, he  left  Winter  Quarters  in  April  to  locate  lands  for  their  new 
homes.  Brigham  Young  was  a natural  leader  of  men,  and  a con- 
structor of  society.  Great  in  personal  force,  sincere,  earnest,  faith- 


10 


The  Pioneers. 


ful,  with  a firm  trust  in  God  that  upon  him  devolved  the  respon- 
sibility of  establishing  a commonwealth,  based  upon  religion  and 
intelligence,  he  “was  great  in  the  perfect  fitting  and  powerful  use 
of  practical  means  to  practical  ends.”  His  company  was  well  or- 
ganized. It  was  a pure  democracy,  for  all  the  people  under  his 
direction,  understood  law  and  order,  and  were  obedient  to  them. 

At  the  beginning  of  their  journey  they  came  in  contact  with 
the  Pawnee  Indians,  whose  folk  lore  and  songs  have  long  since 
been  gathered  by  American  ethnologists.  How  appropriate  was 
their  song  to  the  march  of  the  pioneers. 

“Mountains  loom  upon  the  path  we  take, 

Yonder  peak  rises  sharp  and  clear. 

Behold!  It  stands  with  its  head  uplifted; 

Thither  go  we,  since  our  path  lies  there.” 

In  June,  the  pioneer  party  reached  the  Black  Hills  and  Fort 
Laramie.  From  there  they  followed  the  Oregon  Trail  through 
South  Pass  to  Fort  Bridger.  Ajong  this  part  of  the  route  especial- 
ly Brigham  Young  heard  much  about  the  valley  of  the  Great  Salt 
Lake  from  the  trappers  and  explorers,  but  all  the  reports  were 
more  or  less  discouraging.  It  had  long  been  designated  as  the  one 
place  in  the  temperate  region  of  North  America  as  worthless, 
“where  only  grease  wood  and  sage  brush  could  grow,  and  where 
the  rattlesnake  and  coyote  repelled  the  frontiersman;”  and  the 
Indians  had  declared  that  the  Great  Spirit  had  sent  a blight  over 
the  land  because  of  the  wars  of  their  fathers.  Notwithstanding  all 
that  was  said,  the  pioneers  pushed  on  through  Echo  canyon,  and 
finally  down  through  Emigration  canyon  to  the  Valley  of  the  Great 
Salt  Lake.  As  Brigham  Young  looked  upon  the  desert  waste,  he 
declared,  “It  is  the  Place.” 

And  now  began  the  development  of  this  great  arid  waste. 
These  pioneers  were  refined,  and  many  of  them  had  been  educated 
in  the  best  American  schools.  Deep  down  in  their  nature  was  the 
feeling  of  a divine  responsibility  to  make  the  earth  beautiful  for 
man,  and  to  render  to  their  God  their  souls,  purified  after  years  of 
hardships  and  toil  in  this  life. 

Within  a month  after  the  arrival  of  the  pioneers,  Salt  Lake 
City  was  laid  out  and  named.  The  city  blocks  of  ten  acres  each 
were  divided  into  lots  of  equal  size  of  one  and  one-fourth  acres. 
Close  upon  the  city  limits  was  the  farming  land,  parcelled  out  in 
five  acre  plats;  further  out,  they  were  ten  acres  in  size,  and  still 


Utah. 


11 


further  beyond,  twenty  acres.  Speculation  was  not  allowed.  Each 
head  of  a household  was  encouraged  to  keep  and  maintain  his  own 
home,  and  to  become  a producer  as  well  as  a consumer. 

Co-operation  entered  into  the  life  of  the  pioneer  communities, 
so  in  the  new  settlement  of  Salt  Lake  City,  men  cut  and  hewed 
logs  for  school  and  meeting  houses,  they  tugged  hard  at  the  soil, 
they  built  canals  and  water  ditches,  and  in  all  of  their  work  there 
was  manifested  a unity  of  purpose  which  Professor  Ely  of  the 
University  of  Wisconsin  declares  was  “the  cohesive  power  neces- 
sary to  obtain  economic  results.” 


UTAH 

By  Judge  C.  C.  Goodwin,  Dean  of  Utah  Newspaper  Men. 

The  fairest  picture  ever  hung  in  a rustic  frame.  Long  ago  it 
was  the  fashion  to  say  that  Utah  was  simply  a desert.  Those  who 
said  it  did  not  know  the  ways  of  nature.  Where  she  had  cached 
great  treasures,  what  more  natural  than  that  she  should  place 
her  guards  over  them?  So  in  the  long  ago  she  upheaved  her  moun- 
tains, giving  them  a majestic  but  solemn  look,  to  awe  the  curious 
comer.  She  spread  out  her  valleys  and,  that  their  wealth  might 
not  be  known,  carpeted  them  with  the  gray  serge  of  the  desert. 

So,  through  the  ages,  no  one  dreamed  of  the  treasures  in  her 
mountains,  or  how  her  valleys  might  be  transformed. 

But  the  pioneers  came  at  last.  Save  the  warmth  of  the  summer 
air  and  the  smile  of  the  sunbeams,  there  was  no  sign  of  welcome 
awaiting  them,  and  the  desert  silence  wrapped  them  'round  like  a 
winding  sheet. 

But  they  knelt  upon  the  desert  ground  and  gave  thanks  for  the 
mercies  that  were  theirs.  It  was  the  first  prayer  ever  heard  in 
Utah.  Then,  rising,  they  sang  a praise  service.  It  was  the  first 
music  that  ever  rang  out  on  the  air  of  Utah.  Then  they  went  to 
work  and  toiled  on  until  the  bloom  fied  from  their  faces  and  their 
hands  grew  gnarled.  So  they  filled  their  measures  of  life's  du- 
ties and  passed  on. 

But  in  the  meantime  the  frown  of  the  desert  grew  less  and 
less  repellant  and  in  places  was  replaced  by  smiles;  and  as  in 
compensation  for  the  youth  that  had  fled  and  to  cover  the  faces 


12 


Utah. 


that  had  become  seamed  with  toil  and  care,  rare  flowers  began 
to  appear  where  only  the  serge  of  the  desert  had  been. 

In  the  meantime,  too,  the  sullen  mountains  opened  their 
treasure  chambers  and  poured  forth  their  wonders. 

Then  it  was  clear  why  at  first  they  had  stationed  their  sentinels 
of  desolation  and  cold  and  snow  on  watch.  It  was  to  hold  those 
treasures  inviolate  until  the  coming  of  those  who  could  use  them 
wisely. 

Then  rare  structures  began  to  appear  in  the  valleys,  further 
and  further  away  the  desert  receded.  Now  from  the  heights 
such  pictures  can  be  seen  in  their  rustic  frames  as  might  have 
been  painted  by  angel  hands  with  brushes  dipped  in  sunbeams. 

And  if  the  stranger 
will  set  out  from  Salt 
Lake  and  go  either 
north  or  south  he  will 
be  greeted  with  such 
views  as  he  never  saw 
before  of  fruitful  fields 
and  thriving  hamlets, 
all  watched  over  by 
overhanging  glorified 
mountains,  so  filled 
w i t h sunlight,  the 
songs  of  birds  and 
A Canyon  Trail.  blooms  of  flowers  and 

fruit  trees  that  he  will  admit  the  enchantment  and  acknowledge 
that  every  blessing  of  God  seems  to  be  in  Utah  and  that  the  moving 
pictures  flashing  before  and  around  him  must  have  been  painted  by 
immortal  hands  with  dyes  taken  from  the  fountains  where  light  and 
love  and  glories  unspeakable  are  brewed. 


Temple  Block. 


Trip  Around  Temple  Block 


The  chief  interest  of  the  visitor  to  Salt  Lake  City  centers  about 
the  great  Mormon  Temple.  The  “Temple  Block,”  situated  in  the 
very  heart  of  the  city,  is  a ten-acre  square,  surrounded  by  a stone 
and  adobe  wall  twelve  feet  high  and  three  feet  thick.  Through 
large  gates  on  each  of  the  four  sides  the  passer-by  gets  glimpses 
of  the  beautifully  parked  grounds.  Immediately  inside  the  south 
gate  is  an  attractive  building  of  artistic  architectural  design,  with 
the  words  “Bureau  of  Information”  inscribed  over  the  door. 

Here  strangers  are  cordially  welcomed  into  comfortably  fur- 
nished rooms,  where  at  brief  intervals  parties  are  formed  and  are 
escorted  through  the  buildings  and  grounds  by  ladies  and  gentle- 
men, who  give  their  time  freely  for  the  entertainment  of  the  visit- 
ing public. 

Each  year  more  than  200,000  visitors  are  entertained  here. 
Literature  is  distributed  very  liberally  and  all  is  given  free.  “No 
fees  charged  and  no  donations  received,”  is  a watchword  on 
these  grounds. 

An  attendant  informed  us  that  as  many  as  thirty-nine  States 
and  seven  foreign  countries  had  been  represented  upon  the  registry 
books  in  one  day.  The  writer  joined  one  of  the  tourist  parties,  a 
company  perhaps  of  somewhat  unusual  interest,  due  to  the  variety 
of  points  of  view  represented  by  its  members,  among  whom  were  a 


Interior,  Bureau  of  Information, 

scientist,  an  artist,  a clergyman,  and  a newspaper  man,  as  well  as 
the  average  tourist,  full  of  curiosity.  We  were  escorted,  moreover, 
by  a very  interesting  young  lad}". 


Assembly  Hall. 

As  we  approached  the  Assembly  Hall  we  passed  the  Sea  Gull 
Monument,  (See  Page  31).  The  Assembly  Plall  is  a semi-Gothic 
structure  of  gray  granite,  which  occupies  the  southwest  corner  of 
the  grounds.  It  was  built  from  1877  to  1882,  and  is  68x120  feet  in 
dimensions.  Our  guide  informed  us  that  this  building,  with  a seat- 
ing capacity  of  about  2,000,  is  used  for  religious  services,  including 
German  and  Scandinavian  meetings,  and  also  for  public  lectures 
and  concerts  for  which  the  big  Tabernacle  would  be  larger  than 
necessary. 

Our  scientist  commended  the  plain  seats  as  sensible  and  sani- 
tary. The  clergyman  asked  if  there  were  no  pews  in  any  of  the 
Mormon  churches.  “No,”  answered  our  guide,  “there  are  no 


Assembly  Hall. 


15 


rented  seats  or  pews  in  any  of  our  places  of  worship.  All  people 
are  served  alike,  banker  and  day-laborer  seating  themselves  side  by 
side.  Moreover,  there  are  no  collections  made  and  no  contrib, 
tion  boxes  found  in  our  churches,  the  organization  being  supported 
by  the  tithes  of  the  people.  The  Mormons  observe  the  ancient 
law  of  tithing  as  it  was  given  to  the  children  of  Israel,  by  which 
a member  pays  one-tenth  of  his  income,  as  a free-will  offering,  for 
tiie  support  of  the  Church.” 

Our  artist  next  inquired  the  significance  of  the  bee-hive 

sketched  on  the  ceiling- 
just  above  the  pipe  or- 
gan. We  were  in- 
formed that  the  bee- 
hive is  the  State  em- 
blem, symbolizing  in- 
dustry. The  early  set- 
tlers established  a form 
of  State  government 
and  sought  admission 
to  the  Union  under  the 
.name  of  the  State  of 
Deseret.  “ Deseret/’ 
said  our  guide,  “is  a 
word  taken  from  the 
Book  of  Mormon,  meaning  in  the  language  of  the  ancient  people 
of  this  continent,  the  honey  bee.  When,  however,  we  were  given 
Territorial  government  and  subsequently  Statehood,  it  was  under 
the  name  of  Utah,  this  title  being  derived  from  the  name  of  the 
VJte  Indian  tribe.  We  retained  the  bee-hive  as  our  emblem  and 
fate  seal,  for  it  symbolizes  the  activity  and  industry  which  have 
been  and  are  fundamental  in  the  structure  and  growth  of  our  grea.'c 
Western  State/’ 


Temple  Grounds. 


Tabernacle. 

We  went  out  at  the  north  door  of  the  Assembly  Hall,  facing 
directly  the  world-famed  Tabernacle.  As  we  passed  from  the  one 
building  to  the  other  we  were  refreshed  with  the  fragrance  and 
beauty  of  the  foliage  and  well-kept  flower  beds. 


16 


Tabernacle. 


We  entered  the  Tabernacle  at  the  west  end  and  took  our  stand 
on  a level  with  the  pulpits  and  almost  at  the  base  of  the  renowned 
organ.  The  plainness  and  simplicity  of  the  building  first  im- 
pressed us,  but  as  we  surveyed  the  long  rows  of  seats  and  the  tre- 
mendous vaulted  ceiling,  the  vastness  of  the  place  grew  upon  us 
and  inspired  mingled  feelings  of  solemnity,  awe,  and  admiration. 

The  Tabernacle  is  an  immense  auditorium,  elliptic  in  shape, 
and  seats  8,000  people.  It  is  250  feet  long  by  150  feet  wide,  and  80 
feet  in  height.  The  self-supporting  wooden  roof  is  a remarkable 
work  of  engineering.  It  rests  upon  pillars  or  buttresses  of  red 
sandstone  which  stand  10  to  12  feet  apart  in  the  whole  circumfer- 
ence of  the  building.  The  pillars  support  wooden  arches,  10  feet  in 
thickness  and  spanning  150  feet.  These  arches,  of  a lattice-truss 
construction,  are  put  together  with  wooden  pins,  there  being  no 
nails  or  iron  of  aiw 
kind  used  in  the  frame 
work*  The  building 
was  erected  from  1865 
to  1867.  This  being 
before  the  railroads 
reached  Utah,  all  the 
imported  material  used 
in  the  construction 
had  to  be  hauled  with 
ox-teams  from  the 
Missouri  river.  It  was 
for  this  reason  that 
wooden  pins  were  used 
in  place  of  heavy  nails.  The  roof  now  has  a metallic  covering, 
which  a few  years  ago  replaced  the  old  wooden  shingles. 

The  original  cost  of  this  building  was  about  $300,000,  exclusive 
of  the  cost  of  the  organ. 

(The  great  organ  and  widely  famed  Mormon  Choir  are  de- 
scribed on  page  28). 

Regular  public  services  are  held  in  the  Tabernacle  Sunday 
afternoons  at  2 o’clock,  and  during  the  summer  season  free  organ 
recitals  are  given  daily  for  the  visiting  public. 

Our  guide,  promising  to  illustrate  the  acoustic  properties  of  the 
building,  led  the  way  through  the  long  gallery  to  the  end  of  the 
building  farthest  from  the  organ.  Arriving  at  this  new  position, 


Avenue  on  Temple  Block. 


Tabernacle. 


17 


our  attention  was  courteously  invited  by  the  custodian  who  occu- 
pied the  place  we  had  left  a few  moments  before.  At  this  distance 
of  200  feet,  he  dropped  a pin  on  the  wooden  railing,  and  also  whis- 
pered, both  of  which  we  heard  with  incredible  distinctness.  Our 
guide  assured  us  that  when  all  is  quiet  this  whisper  or  pin-drop 
can  be  heard  from  any  position  in  the  building. 

“Who  was  the  architect  of  this  remarkable  structure,”  asked 
the  scientist,  “ and  where  did  lie  get  his  idea?” 

“The  Tabernacle  was  planned  and  erected  under  the  direction 
of  our  pioneer  leader,  Brigham  Young.  He  was  a glazier  and 
cabinet-maker  by  trade,  but  had  been  schooled  chiefly  by  hardship 
and  experience.” 

“By  what  you  must  call  wonderful  genius,”  continued  our 
guide,  “he  not  only  designed  such  remarkable  buildings  as  this  and 
the  Temple,  but  he  built  an  equally  wonderful  commonwealth;  one 
which  is  unique  among  Middle  and  Western  States  for  the  law  and 
order,  religious  devotion,  and  loyalty  which  characterize  its  earliest 
history.  For  all  this  you  must  recognize  Brigham  Young  as  a 
genius,  but  to  us  he  was  an  inspired  man;  a prophet  of  God,  the  di- 
vinely chosen  successor  to  our  Prophet-founder  Joseph  Smith.” 

Sincere  enthusiasm  was  apparent  in  the  face  of  our  guide  as 
she  uttered  these  strange  comments.  Perhaps  it  was  this  very 
enthusiasm  which  attracted  us,  and  led  several  of  our  party  to  ask 
questions  about  Joseph  Smith  and  the  founding  of  the  Mormon 
Church. 

“The  Prophet  Joseph  Smith,”  our  guide  began,  “was  instru- 
mental in  re-establishing  the  Church  of  Christ  in  accordance  with 
revelations  given  some  times  directly  by  the  voice  of  our  Heavenly 
Father,  sometimes  through  heavenly  messengers,  or  by  divine  in- 
spiration. As  quite  a boy,  Joseph  Smith  was  of  a religious  turn 
of  mind,  and  sought  through  study  and  earnest  prayer  to  know 
which  of  the  contending  sects  he  should  join.  It  was  revealed  to 
him  that  the  perfect  plan  instituted  by  Christ,  with  all  the  au- 
thority and  powers  of  the  holy  priesthood  and  the  spiritual  gifts 
enjoyed  by  the  early  church,  was  about  to  be  restored.  After  sev- 
eral years  of  preparation  and  inspired  instruction,  the  Prophet  was 
divinely  authorized  to  organize  the  Church  in  all  its  former  sim- 
plicity and  spiiitual  power.  This  was  accomplished  in  1830,  in  the 
State  of  New  York.  Subsequently  the  church  established  head- 
quarters successively  in  the  States  of  Ohio,  Missouri  and  Illinois, 


18 


Tabernacle. 


and  in  1846  and  1847,  after  the  martyrdom  of  Joseph  and  Hyrum 
Smith,  was  forced  to  seek  refuge  in  the  Rocky  Mountains.” 

Our  guide  spoke  feelingly  of  the  numerous  hardships  and  per- 
secutions which  her  people  endured,  which  finally  culminated  in 
the  “Mormon  Exodus.” 

“But  after  all,”  remarked  the  artist,  “you  have  at  least  made 
your  place  of  banishment  an  exceedingly  pleasant  retreat.” 

As  we  were  leaving  the  Tabernacle  the  clergyman  asked  who 
did  the  preaching  in  that  immense  building.  We  were  informed 
that  the  Mormons  have  no  professional  or  paid  preachers,  but  that 
the  presiding  officer  at  any  meeting  calls  members  of  the  congre- 
gation, frequently  without  previous  notice,  to  address  the  people. 
It  was  explained  that  such  a speaker  is  entirely  free  in  his  utter- 
ances, unrestrained  by  any  feeling  of  financial  dependence  upon  his 
congregation.  Moreover,  no  select  class  is  relied  upon  to  be  versed 

in  the  theology  of  the 
church,  but  every 
member  is  expected  to 
understand  its  doct- 
rines and  be  prepared 
to  expound  them  and 
to  exhort  his  fellow 
members.  A very  wide 
distribution  of  respon* 
sibility  is  in  this  way 
secured. 

“Do  women  ever  oc- 
cupy these  or  any  of 
your  pulpits?”  was 

“Certainly  they  do.  Net  a few  of  the  great  women  orators  of 
che  world  have  spoken  from  this  stand:  Susan  B.  Anthony,  Eliza- 
beth Cady  Stanton,  May  Wright  Sewell,  Charlotte  Perkins  Gilman, 
Dr.  Anna  Howard  Shaw,  Mme.  Lydia  Von  F.  Mountford  and  many 
others.” 

“But  what  about  your  own  women?  Do  they  ever  come  out  in 
public?” 

“Yes,  indeed.  Our  women  are  the  freest,  most  intensely  in- 
dividualistic women  on  the  earth.  They  have  three  organizations 
of  their  own.  The  Relief  Society  was  organized  in  1843  by  the 


Tabernacle  Grounds. 

asked  by  a lady  of  the  partv. 


Temple. 


19 


Prophet  Joseph  Smith,  as  a special  women’s  quorum  with  philan- 
thropic and  educational  possibilities.  This  organization  now  num- 
bers over  thirty  thousand  women,  has  up-to-date  offices  and  head- 
quarters, a periodical  now  in  its  32d  year,  owns  many  ward  houses, 
spends  thousands  of  dollars  yearly  for  charity,  and  keeps  thousands 
more  in  its  treasury  constantly.  The  Young  Ladies’  Mutual  Im- 
provement Association  was  organized  by  Brigham  Young  in  1869, 
the  first  association  being  among  his  own  daughters.  This  associa- 
tion also  numbers  over  thirty  thousand  girls,  has  thousand^  of 
books  in  its  libraries,  gathers  and  disburses  thousands  of  dollars 
annually  in  educational  and  other  directions,  has  a magazine  in  its 
25th  volume,  which  the  birls  own,  edit  and  control.  The  Primary 
Association  has  nearly  thirty  thousand  children  marshaled  under 
its  banner,  has  offices  and  headquarters  in  the  Bishop’s  building, 
and  publishes  its  own  magazine.  This  Association  was  organized 
under  the  direction  of  President  John  Taylor,  and  has  the  training 
of  the  children  in  ethics  and  religion  as  its  basic  thought  and  pur- 
pose. All  of  these  organizations  have  General  Boards  located  in 
this  city,  and  all  have  yearly  conferences  held  in  this  building. 

“The  women  conduct  their  own  services,  do  their  own  speak- 
ing, and  have  their  own  choirs.  They  have  Stake  and  Ward  con- 
ferences in  all  their  organizations,  at  stated  periods.  The  members 
of  their  General  Boards  travel  constantly,  visiting  the  branches 
and  missions  and  founding  their  organizations  everywhere,  even 
extending  to  England,  Germany,  Scandinavia,  Australia,  Canada, 
Mexico  and  to  the  islands  of  the  sea.  There  are  suffrage  organi- 
zations in  Utah  among  our  women,  with  clubs  and  councils,  while 
literature,  art  and  music  claim  thousands  of  our  young  people  as 
votaries  and  students.  Women  have  full  suffrage  in  Utah.” 

We  were  somewhat  stunned  by  the  rush  of  unusual  experi- 
ences and  unexpected  information,  so  we  followed  our  guide  quietly 
as  she  led  the  way  down  the  broad  stairway  from  the  gallery,  and 
thus  found  ourselves  facing  the  west  front  of  the  Temple. 


Temple. 

Our  guide  led  us  to  a position  from  which  we  had  an  excellent 
view  of  this  massive  granite  structure  with  its  six  majestic  spires. 

The  Temple  is  186*4  feet  long  by  99  feet  wide;  its  greatest 
height  being  222  feet  to  the  top  of  the  figure  which  surmounts  the 
central  eastern  tower.  Less  than  six  years  after  the  first  pioneers 


20 


Temple. 


found  here  a desolate,  sage-brush  wilderness,  they  commenced  this 
building.  They  laid  the  foundation  walls,  sixteen  feet  wide  and 
eight  feet  deep,  while  above  ground  the  walls  vary  in  thickness 
from  nine  to  six  feet.  Tn  1873  the  railroad  was  built  to  the  granite 
quarries,  about  twenty  miles  southeast  of  the  city.  Up  to  that  time 
the  huge  blocks  of  stone  were  hauled  by  ox  teams,  requiring  at 
times,  four  yoke  of  oxen  four  days  to  transport  a single  stone. 
The  building  was  not  completed  until  1893,  just  forty  years  after  it 
was  commenced.  Of  course,  there  were  intervals  when  work  had 
to  be  suspended,  owing  to  the  poverty  of  the  people  and  other 
difficulties  that  confronted  them  in  early  days.  The  building  cost 
in  all  about  $4,000,000.00. 


Temple  Block. 

1893,  no  visitors  have  been  admitted. 


Visitors  are  never 
admitted  to  the  Tem- 
ple. Our  guide  in 
formed  us  that  just 
after  it  was  completed, 
large  numbers  of  the 
visiting  pub  lie  to- 
gether with  a great 
many  residents  of  Salt 
Lake,  not  members  of 
the  Mormon  Church, 
were  shown  through 
the  building,  but  since 
its  dedication,  April  G, 


“That’s  strange,”  remarked  the  clergyman  at  this  point,  “we 
admit  everyone  to  our  churches.”  “Yes,”  put  in  a tourist,  “I  have 
traveled  around  the  world  and  have  entered  the  churches  every- 
where.” “I  grant,”  answered  our  guide,  smiling  good  naturedly, 
“that  you  may  find  many  peculiar  things  about  us.  Unlike  syna- 
gogues, churches,  cathedrals  and  other  places  of  worship,  the  Tem- 
ple is  not  designed  as  a place  of  public  assembly  for  the  people  in 
general.  It  is  to  us  what  Solomon’s  temple  was  to  the  sincere 
Jews,  a holy  place,  devoted  to  sacred  ordinances.  We  perform 
here  marriage  and  baptismal  ceremonies  and  other  sacred  rites, 
some  of  which  are  for  the  dead.” 


Ordinances. 


21 


Ordinances. 

“Do  I understand  that  you  perform  ordinances  for  the  dead?” 
asked  a lady  in  the  party. 

“Yes,”  was  the  answer,  “we  baptize  and  perform  other  rites 
for  the  dead.  We  believe  that  there  is  hope  in  the  future  life  for 
those  to  whom  the  chance  has  not  come  in  this  life  to  receive  the 
benefits  of  Christ’s  vicarious  atonement.  We  believe,  as  is  taught 
in  the  Bible,  the  Gospel  is  preached  in  the  spirit  world  to  the  dead. 
I Peter  3:18;  I Peter  4:6;  John  5:25-28.  But  the  outward  ordi- 
nances of  the  Gospel,  such  as  baptism,  pertain  to  this  world  and 
may  be  performed  in  a vicarious  way  by  the  living  for  the  dead. 
That  is  to  say,  the  living  are  baptized  in  our  Temple  in  the  names 
of,  or  as  proxies  for,  their  dead  ancestors;  the  efficacy  of  the  ordi- 
nance depending  upon  its  acceptance  or  rejection  by  the  one  for 
whom  it  is  performed.  The  Apostle  Paul’s  clear  reference  in  I Cor. 
15:29  to  the  baptism  for  the  dead,  and  other  references  in  ecclesi- 
astical history,  prove  that  it  was  a doctrine  of  the  early  Christian 
Church.  This,  with  many  other  precious  truths,  has  been  re- 
stored to  the  Latter-day  Saints  !^y  revelation.” 

“Our  baptisms,”  continued  our  guide,  “are  all  performed  by 
immersion,  and  for  the  purpose  there  is  provided  in  the  Temple 
a font,  supported  by  twelve  brazen  oxen,  similar  to  the  one  in 
Solomon’s  Temple,  of  which  we  read  in  the  Old  Testament  (I 
Kings  7:23-25.) 

“Perhaps  you  begin  to  understand  now  why  this  structure  is 
not  public.  It  is  not  even  open  to  all  members  of  our  own  Church, 
but  only  to  those  in  good  standing.  This  means  simply  those  who 
are  striving  to  live  consistent  Christian  lives,  moral  and  upright  in 
their  conduct,  and  temperate  in  their  habits.  In  all  such  matters 
the  Mormon  people  are  very  strict  indeed.” 

“On  that  score,”  put  in  the  scientist,  “we  have  seen  enough 
since  coming  to  Utah  to  vindicate  you,  for  an  exceedingly  frugal 
and  industrious  people  is  never  a bad  people.  These  very  monu- 
ments to  your  thrift  and  self-sacrifice  speak  more  forcibly  for  your 
character  than  anything  you  can  say.” 

Marriages. 

Recurring  to  our  guide’s  statement  that  marriages  were  per- 
formed in  the  Temple,  a lady  in  the  party  asked  if  all  Mormon 
marriages  are  solemnized  there. 


22 


Marriages. 


“No,”  was  the  answer,  “unfortunately  not  quite  all  of  our 
young  people  have  that  standing  in  the  Church  which  will  entitle 
them  to  go  into  our  Temple,  but  a large  majority  of  them  are  mar- 
ried in  this  or  in  one  of  the  three  other  such  buildings  that  we  have 
in  other  parts  of  Utah.  There  is  a difference,  however,  between 
marriages  solemnized  in  our  Temple  and  those  performed  else- 
where. The  same  power  which  Christ  gave  to  His  apostles,  saying, 
‘Whatsoever  ye  shall  seal  on  earth  shall  be  sealed  in  heaven  and 
whatsoever  ye  shall  loose  on  earth  shall  be  loosed  in  heaven/  is 
held  in  our  Church  to-day.  and  marriages  performed  by  that  au- 
thority are  binding  for  all  eternity.  Thus  we  believe  that  the 
family  ties  that  we  form  in  this  life,  and  which  are  so  dear  to  us, 
will  be  perpetuated  beyond  the  grave.  Those  sealing  ordinances 
are  performed  in  our  Temples,  and  we  regard  them  among  the  most 
sacred  ceremonies  of  our  Church.  Those  of  our  people  who  are 
married  outside  our  Temple  are  married  for  this  life  only.” 

“Are  there  any  divorces  in  your  church?”  asked  the  news- 
paper man. 

“Of  course,”  was  the  reply,  “the  same  power  which  makes  the 
bond  may  also  loose  it,  but  it  is  only  upon  the  gravest  grounds  that 
church  divorces  are  granted,  and  they  are  exceedingly  rare.” 

“Who  determines  who  may  go  into  your  Temples?”  asked  the 
clergyman. 

The  guide  then  explained  that  the  Mormon  Church  is  divided 
into  small  districts  called  wards,  each  of  which  is  presided  over 
by  three  men,  a bishop  and  two  counselors.  These  bishops  are 
expected  to  be  acquainted  with  all  the  members  of  their  wards,  and 
it  is  from  them  that  recommends  are  obtained,  certifying  worthi- 
ness to  enter  the  Temple.  There  are  about  35  of  these  ecclesiasti- 
cal wards  in  Salt  Lake  City,  and  about  700  in  the  whole  Mormon 
Church.  In  each  ward  they  have  a meetinghouse  or  chapel  where 
Sunday  Schools  are  held  Sunday  mornings,  also  services  Sunday 
evenings,  and  numerous  meetings  during  the  week  of  the  Quor- 
ums of  the  Priesthood  and  of  the  various  auxiliary  organizations 
mentioned  by  our  guide  in  the  Tabernacle. 

In  this  connection  it  was  explained  that  in  each  of  these  wards 
the  bishop  has  laboring  under  him,  a corps  of  “teachers”  whose 
duty  it  is  to  visit  every  member  in  their  respective  districts  once  a 
month  and  thus  share  with  the  presiding  authority  the  responsi- 
bility of  instructing  all  members  in  their  spiritual  duties  and  ex- 


Symbols. 


23 


horting  them  to  faithfulness.  These  monthly  house-to-house  visits 
enlist  the  services  of  an  army  of  church  workers.  Also  as  these 
“teachers”  make  their  visits,  they  are  expected  to  take  cognizance 
of  the  temporal  needs  of  the  people,  and  if  any  are  found  to  be 
poor  and  in  need  of  relief,  this  fact  is  reported  to  the  bishop  of  the 
ward  and  their  wants  are  supplied  from  funds  in  his  keeping.  All 
this  provision  for  charity  is  in  addition  to  the  Woman’s  Relief  So- 
ciety organization  in  each  ward,  described  by  our  guide  in  the 
Tabernacle.  The  Mormons,  as  our  scientist  remarked,  have  cer- 
tainly solved  for  themselves  the  very  grave  social  problems  of  poor 
relief.  Their  system  avoids  the  evils  and  dangers  of  promiscuous 
distribution  of  charity. 

Symbols. 

Our  guide  was  about  to  lead  the  way  back  to  the  Bureau  of 
Information,  when  the  artist  who  had  been  scanning  the  Temple 
more  closely  than  the  rest  of  us*,  asked  if  the  symbols  of  the  sun, 
moon  and  stars,  forming  part  of  the  decorative  scheme  of  the 
building,  had  any  significance. 

In  the  answer  we  were  informed  that  there  is  practically  no 
feature  in  the  structure  and  decoration  of  the  Temple  that  is  not 
symbolic. 

“The  sun,  moon  and  stars,”  the  answer  was,  “symbolize  a very 
important  point  in  our  theology.  We  reject  the  idea  of  one  heaven 
where  all  who  attain  to  a certain  degree  of  righteousness  enjoy 
eternal  bliss,  and  one  place  of  eternal  punishment  to  which  all  who 
fall  short  of  this  degree  are  irrevocably  assigned.  We  believe  that 
though  all  mankind  will  be  resurrected,  there  are  different  degrees 
of  reward,  exaltation  and  glory  awaiting  us  hereafter,  and  that 
Christ  shall  reward  ‘every  man  according  to  his  works.’  Matt. 
16:27.  The  symbols  of  sun,  moon  and  stars  are  used  in  this 
connection  in  the  writings  of  the  Apostle  Paul  (I  Cor.  15:41). 
‘There  is  one  glory  of  the  sun,  and  another  glory  of  the  moon,  and 
another  glory  of  the  stars;  for  one  star  differeth  from  another  star 
in  glory.  So  also  is  the  resurrection  of  the  dead.’  This  doctrine 
is  more  elaborately  expounded  in  a revelation  given  through  the 
Prophet  Joseph  Smith.  Mormonism  teaches  a doctrine  of  eternal 
progression,  in  which  progression,  this  life  is  a brief  but  vital 
stage.” 

Our  newspaper  man,  begging  permission  to  put  just  one  more 


24 


Moroni  and  the  Book  of  Mormon. 


question,  asked  of  what  the  figure  which  surmounts  the  central 
spire  of  the  Temple  is  made  and  what  it  represents. 

Moroni  and  the  Book  of  Mormon. 

“That  figure,' ” was  the  reply,  “12  feet  in  height,  is  of  hammered 
copper,  covered  with  gold  leaf.  It  represents  the  Angel  Moroni, 
the  son  of  Mormon.” 

“Well,  who  was  Mormon?”  asked  a half  dozen  questioners  at 
once. 

“He  was  the  writer  of  the  Book  of  Mormon,”  was  the  answer. 

Again  came  the  question.  “What  is  the  Book  of  Mormon?” 

Our  guide  then  explained  that  the 
Book  of  Mormon  is  an  inspired  his- 
torical record  of  the  ancient  inhabit- 
ants of  the  American  continent,  in 
many  respects  corresponding  to  the 
Old  Testament.  The  Book  is  princi- 
pally a history  of  a colony  which  left 
Jerusalem  in  about  600  years  B.  C., 
led  by  a prophet  named  Lehi,  who 
was  contemporary  with  the  Prophet 
Jeremiah.  This  Colony  embarked  in 
the  Persian  gulf  and  was  led  by  di- 
vine guidance  to  the  western  coast  of 
South  America,  becoming  the  nucleus 
for  an  extensive  people  upon  this 
continent.  The  people  had  prophets 
among  them  who  kept  a record  of 
their  history  and  of  God’s  dealings 
with  them. 

These  records  were  engraved  in  Hebrew  and  Egyptian  characters 
upon  metallic  plates,  which  were  handed  down  from  generation 
to  generation  in  the  line  of  the  prophets  and  kings.  The  Gospel 
of  Christ  was  revealed  to  this  people  and  His  Church  established 
among  them.  One  of  the  last  of  their  prophets,  named  Mormon, 
who  lived  about  400  A.  D.,  made  a compilation  and  abridgment  of 
all  the  records  which  came  into  his  hands.  His  work  was  therefore 
called  the  Book  of  Mormon. 

“It  is  from  the  fact  that  we  believe  in  this  book,”  remarked  our 
guide,  “that  we  are  commonly  called  Mormons,  whereas  the  cor- 


Moroni  and  the  Book  of  Mormon. 


25 


rect  name  of  our  Church  is  the  Church  of  Jesus  Christ  of  Latter- 
day  Saints.” 

She  explained  further  that  this  Mormon  passed  his  record  to 
the  care  of  his  son  Moroni,  who,  after  a brief  account  of  his  own 
time,  and  after  witnessing  the  destruction  of  the  more  intelligent 
of  his  people,  was  commanded  to  hide  away  the  record  in  a hill, 
known  to  that  ancient  people  as  Cumorah,  and  situated  in  what  is 
now  Western  New  York.  It  was  this  same  Moroni  who  revealed 
to  Joseph  Smith  the  hiding  place  of  his  record,  together  with  nu- 
merous divine  instructions,  as  to  the  re-establishment  of  the 
Church  of  Christ  in  our  own  time.  Mormonism  claims  to  be  this 
restored  Church. 

The  American  Indians,  the  Latter-day  Saints  say,  are  descend- 
ed from  remnants  of  this  ancient  people  described  in  the  Book  of 
Mormon. 

Our  guide  informed  us  further  that  her  people  regard  the  reve- 
lations received  through  this  heavenly  messenger,  Moroni,  as  a di- 
rect fulfillment  of  a prophecy  contained  in  the  Revelation  of  St. 
John,  “and  I saw  another  angel  fly  in  the  midst  of  heaven  having 
the  everlasting  Gospel  to  preach  unto  them  that  dwell  on  the  earth, 
and  to  every  nation  and  kindred  and  tongue  and  people,  saying 
with  a loud  voice,  Fear  God,  and  give  glory  to  Him;  for  the  hour 
of  His  judgment  is  come;  and  worship  Him  that  made  heaven  and 
earth  and  the  sea,  and  the  fountains  of  water”  (Rev.  1 4^:r6,  7 ) . The 
Mormon  people  consider  it  as  their  particular  mission  to  preach 
to  the  world  a message  of  repentance  and  warning  preparatory  to 
the  judgments  that  shall  precede  the  second  coming  of  the  Christ 
and  His  millennial  reign. 

With  a promise  to  show  us  copies  of  the  Book,  and  to  furnish 
us  freely  with  tracts  containing  further  information,  our  guide 
led  us  back  to  the  Bureau  of  Information.  Several  of  our  party 
bought  cloth  bound  copies  of  the  Book  of  Mormon. 

This  is  not,  by  the  way,  the  Mormon  Bible.  The  Mormons 
use  King  James’  translation  as  freely  as  do  other  Christians,  but 
use  the  Book  of  Mormon  as  an  additional  book  of  scripture,  con- 
taining, they  maintain,  many  valuable  truths  supplementary  to  the 
Jewish  scriptures. 

En  route  to  the  Bureau,  we  passed  two  life-size  statues,  in 
bronze,  of  Joseph  Smith,  the  prophet,  and  his  brother  Hyrum, 
of  whom  our  guide  spoke  almost  reverently  in  the  Tabernacle. 


26 


Statues  of  Joseph  and  Hyrum  Smith. 


Our  guide  informed  us  that  the  statues  formerly  occupied  niches 
at.  the  east  end  of  the  Temple,  but  were  recently  placed  in  the  open 
grounds  so  that  visitors  might  more  easily  see  them  and  become 
familiar  with  the  noble  mission  of  the  martyr  brothers,  by  means 
of  the  inscriptions  on  the  respective  pedestals. 


Statues  of  Joseph  Smith  and  Hyrum  Smith. 


Inscription  on  the  front  tablet  of  the  Frophet’s  statue: 


JOSEPH  SMITH 

The  Prophet  of  the  new  dispensation  of  the  gospel  of  Jesus 
Christ  our  Lord.  He  was  born  at  Sharon,  Vermont,  on  the  23rd 
of  December,  1805;  and  suffered  martyrdom  for  the  word  of  God 
and  the  testimony  of  Jesus  at  Carthage,  Illinois,  on  the  27th  of 
June,  1844. 

HIS  VISION  OF  GOD 

I saw  two  personages  whose  glory  and  brightness  defy  all 
description.  One  of  them  spake  unto  me  and  said: 

THIS  IS  MY  BELOVED  SON:  HEAR  HIM. 

I asked  which  of  all  the  sects  was  right  and  which  I should 
join.  I was  answered  I must  join  none  of  the'm;  they  were  all 
wrong;  they  teach  for  doctrine  the  commandments  of  men;  1 re- 
ceived a promise  that  the  fullness  of  the  gbspel  would  at  some 
future  time  be  made  known  to  me. 

THE  BOOK  OF  MORMON 

This  book  was  revealed  to  him,  and  he  translated  it  by  the 
gift  and  power  of  God.  It  is  an  inspired  history  of  ancient 
America,  and  contains  the  fullness  of  the  gospel.  It  is  the 
American  Testament  of  our  Lord  and  Savior  Jesus  Christ. 

THE  ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  CHURCH. 

Joseph  Smith  received  divine  authority  through  the  minis- 
tration of  angels  to  teach  the  gospel  and  administer  the  ordi- 
nances thereof.  He  established  again  in  the  earth  the  Church 
of  Jesus  Christ,  organizing  it  by  the  will  and  commandment  of 
God  on  the  6th  day  of  April,  1830. 

He  also  received  commission  to  gather  Israel  and  establish 
Zion  on  this  land  of  America;  to  erect  temples  and  perform  all 
ordinances  therein  both  for  the  living  and  the  dead;  and  pre- 
pare the  way  for  the  glorious  coming  of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ 
to  reign  on  earth. 


Statues  of  Joseph  and  Hyrum  Smith. 


27 


Inscription  on  the  back  tablet  of  the  statue: 

TRUTH-GEMS 

From  t'he  Teachings  of  Joseph  Smith. 

The  glory  of  God  is  intelligence. 

It  is  impossible  for  a man  to  be  saved  in  ignorance. 

Whatever  principle  of  intelligence  we  attain  unto  in  this 
life  will  rise  with  us  in  the  resurrection. 

There  is  a law  irrevocably  decreed  in  neaven  before  the 
foundations  of  this  world,  upon  which  all  blessings  a>re  predicat- 
ed; and  when  we  obtain  any  blessing  from  God  it  is  by  obedi- 
ence to  that  law  on  which  it  is  predicated. 

This  is  the  work  and  glory  of  God:  to  bring  to  pass  the  im- 
mortality and  eternal  life  of  man. 

Adam  fell  that  man  might  be;  and  men  are  that  they  might 
have  joy. 

The  intelligence  of  spirits  had  no  beginning,  neither  will  it 
have  an  end.  Jesus  was  in  the  beginning  with  the  Father:  man 
was  also  in  the  beginning  with  God.  Intelligence,  or  the  light 
of  truth  was  not  created  or  made,  neither  indeed  can  be. 

The  spirit  and  body  is  the  soul  of  man;  and  the  resurrection 
from  the  dead  is  the  redemption  of  the  soul. 

“It  is  the  first  principle  of  the  Gospel  to  know  for  a certain- 
ty the  character  of  God;  and  to  know  that  man,  (as.  Moses),  may 
converse  with  Him  as  one  man  converses  with  another.” 

Inscription  on  tablet  of  the  Patriarch’s  statue: 

HYRUM  SMITH 

The  Patriarch  and  a witness  of  the  Book  of  Mormon. 

An  elder  brother  and  the  steadfast  friend  and  counselor  of 
Joseph  Smith,  the  Prophet. 

Born  at  Tunbridge,  Vermont,  February  9th,  1800;  suffered 
martyrdom  with  the  Prophet  at  Carthage,  Illinois,  on  the  27th 
of  June,  1844. 

The  friendship  of  the  brothers  Hyrum  and  Joseph  Smith  is 
foremost  among  the  few  great  friendships  of  the  world’s  his- 
tory. Their  names  will  be  classed  among  the  martyrs  for  re- 
ligion. 

The  Book  of  Mormon — the  plates  of  which  Hyrum  Smith 
both  saw  and  handled;  the  revelations  in  the  Book  of  Doctrine 
and  Covenants;  the  Church  of  Jesus  Christ  of  Hatter-day  Saints 
— these,  to  bring  them  forth  for  the  salvation  of  the  world,  cost 
the  best  blood  of  the  19th  century. 

“I  could  pray  in  my  he?.rt  that  all  men  were  like  my  brother 
Hyrum,  who  possesses  the  mildness  of  a lamb  and  the  integrity 
of  Job;  and,  in  short,  the  meekness  and  humility  of  Christ.  1’ love 
him  with  that  love  that  i-j  stronger  than  death.” — Joseph  Smith. 

“If  ever  there  was  an  exemplary,  honest  and  virtuous  man, 
the  embodiment  of  all  that  is  noble  in  the  human  form,  Hyrum 
Smith  was  the  representative.” — President  John  Taylor. 

As  he  shared  in  the  labors,  so  does  he  share  in  the  honor 
and  glory  of  the  new  dispensation  with  his  prophet  brother. 

In  life  they  were  not  divided;  in  death  they  were  not  sep- 
arated; in  glory  they  are  one. 

The  Great  Organ. 

In  the  west  end  of  the  Tabernacle  is  the  Great  Organ.  It  has 
been  conceded  by  visiting  musicians  that  this  is  the  finest  instru- 
ment in  America,  if  not  in  the  world.  It  was  constructed  over 


The  Great  Organ. 


28 

forty  years  ago,  entirely  by  Utah  artisans  and  mostly  from  native 
materials.  It  was  built  under  the  direction  of  Joseph  Ridges,  and 
later  re-constructed  by  Niels  Johnson,  assisted  by  Shure  Olsen, 
Henry  Taylor  and  others.  In  later  years  many  rapid  strides  have 
been  made  in  organ  construction  and  effects.  The  Church  au- 
thorities decided  to  have  this  instrument  at  least  abreast  of  the 
times,  and  called  in  the  services  of  skilled  experts  who  plac- 
ed entire  new  mechanism  in  the  instrument,  using  such  of 

the  old  material  as  was  good  for  years  to  come,  in  the  way 

of  pipes,  and  re-voiced  the 
instrument  according  to 
modern  schools.  The 
work  was  completed  some 
years  ago,  and  since  that 
time  the  organ  has  been 
regarded  as  the  ne  plus 

ultra  in  organ  building. 
Such  is  the  verdict  of  so 
eminent  a critic  as  the 
late  Dr.  Geo.  W.  Walter, 
organist  of  the  Temple, 
Washington,  D.  C,  who 

paid  a special  visit  to  Salt 
Lake  in  April,  1901,  for 
the  purpose  of  studying 
the  organ.  His  state- 
ments have  been  echoed 
by  numerous  prominent 
organists  who  have  since 
visited  the  Great  Organ. 

The  front  towers  have 
an  altitude  of  48  feet,  and 
the  dimensions  of  the  or- 
gan are  30x33  feet;  it  has 
101  stops  and  accessories,  and  cantains  a total  of  over 

5.000  pipes,  ranging  in  length  from  one-fourth  inch  to  3-1 
feet.  It  comprises  five  complete  organs — Solo,  Swell,  Great 
Choir  and  Pedal;  in  other  words,  four  keyboards  in  ad- 
dition to  th.e  pedals.  It  is  capable  of  thousands  upon 

thousands  of  tonal  varieties.  The  different  varieties  of  tone  em- 


Tabernacle  Organ. 


The  Tabernacle  Choir. 


29 


bodied  in  this  noble  instrument  represent  the  instruments  of  an 
orchestra,  military  band,  and  choir,  as  well  as  the  deep  and  sonor- 
ous stops  for  which  the  organ  is  famed.  There  is  no  color,  shade 
or  tint  of  tone  that  cannot  be  produced  upon  it.  The  or- 
gan is  blown  by  a 10-horse  power  electric  motor,  anad  two 
gangs  of  feeders  furnish  5,000  cubic  feet  of  air  a minute 
when  it  is  being  played  full.  The  organist  is  seated  twenty 
feet  from  the  instrument,  which  places  him  well  among  the 
choir.  Undoubtedly  the  organ  owes  much  to  the  marvel- 
ous acoustics  of  the  Tabernacle,  but  even  with  this  allowance 
made,  it  is  still  the  most  perfect  instrument  of  its  kind  in  existence. 
The  total  cost  of  the  Organ  to  date  is  about  $125,000.  Free  public 
recitals  are  given  under  direction  of  the  First  Presidency  by  Pro- 
fessors John  J.  McClellan,  the  Tabernacle  organist,  and  Edward 
P.  Kimball  and  Tracy  Y.  Cannon,  assistant  organists.  The  Bureau 
of  Information  will  cheerfully  give  tourists  the  hours  of  these 
functions. 


The  Tabernacle  Choir. 

This  famous  body  of  singers  (known  generally  as  the  Mormon 
Tabernacle  Choir)  was  organized  by  President  Brigham  Young 
in  the  early  days  of  the  State.  The  original  conductors  of  the 


Tabernacle  Choir. 


choir,  in  order  of  their  service,  have  been  as  follows:  John  Parry, 
Stephen  Goddard,  James  Smithies,  Prof.  Charles  J.  Thomas, 


30 


The  Sea  Gull  Story. 


William  Sands,  Prof.  George  Careless,  Prof.  E.  Beesley  and  Prof. 
Evan  Stephens,  the  present  incumbent.  The  choir  was  enlarged 
to  about  one  hundred  singers  at  the  time  it  was  transferred  to  the 
large  Tabernacle  under  Prof.  Careless’  direction,  and,  with  his 
wife,  Mrs.  Lavinia  Careless,  as  ieading  soprano,  it  achieved  almost 
national  reputation. 

The  present  mammoth  organization  of  500  enrolled  singers 
(the  largest  regular  church  choir  in  the  world)  dates  back  to  1890, 
when  the  present  conductor  and  manager,  Prof.  Evan  Stephens, 
took  charge.  The  choir  was  then  organized  on  a broader  basis  than 
before  and  divided  into  eight  vocal  parts,  viz.,  first  and  second 
soprano,  alto,  tenor  and  bass. 

Free  training  classes  have  been  held  for  the  benefit  of  the 
members  in  sight  reading,  voice  culture,  harmony  and  composition. 
The  choir  is  self-supporting  financially,  and  the  members  give  their 
services  freely  to  this  phase  of  church  work.  A portion  of  this  or- 
ganization numbering  from  150  to  250  members,  has  visited  other 
States  on  concert  tours,  notably  Chicago  (where  it  secured  a 
prize  of  $1,000  in  choral  singing),  and  Denver,  California,  New 
York  and  Eastern  States. 


The  Sea-Gull  Story 

One  of  the  most  interesting  bits  of  Utah  folklore  is  the  sea 
gull  story.  After  their  long  and  perilous  journey  across  the 
plains,  the  pioneers  (less  than  150  people  in  the  first  company), 
arrived  on  the  morning*  of  July  24,  1847,  practically  destitute. 

That  same  afternoon  they  plowed  and  planted  wheat  and  pota- 
toes. With  prayer  and  thanksgiving  they  saw  their  crops  be- 
ginning to  grow.  The  following  year  5,000  acres  were 

under  cultivation.  Then  suddenly  great  dark  clouds  gathered. 
They  turned  out  to  be  crickets  which  descended  upon  the  new 
leaves.  The  despair  of  the  people  was  intense.  Fight  as  they 
would  they  saw  half  their  crops  utterly  destroyed  by  the  pest  and 
starvation  seemed  inevitable.  Then  new  clouds  came,  white, 

dense  and  sudden.  Thousands  of  gulls  were  sweeping  towards 
them.  The  people’s  hearts  stood  still  with  fear  of  fresh  calamity, 
but  the  birds  had  come  to  the  rescue.  They  fell  upon  the  crickets, 
gorging,  disgorging  and  gorging  again.  The  crops  were  saved. 


The  Sea  Gull  Monument. 


31 


No  one  kills  a gull  in  Utah.  Sentiment  and  a $25.00  fine  protect 
these  birds.  For  the  coming  of  the  gull  is  looked  upon  as  a special 
intervention  of  a Providence  that  rewards  industry  and  answers 
the  prayers  of  faith. 

THE  SEA  GULL  MONUMENT. 


To  commemorate  the  above  historic  incident,  a sea  gull  monu- 
ment has  recently  been  completed  and  unveiled  upon  Temple  Block. 

For  several  years  the  erection  of  such  a monument  has  been 
contemplated,  and  about  two  years  ago,  Mahonri  M.  Young,  a 
grandson  of  the  great 
pioneer  leader,  Brig- 
ham Young,  submitted 
a design  which  was  ac- 
cepted by  the  First 
Presidency  and  he  was 
authorized  to  proceed 
with  the  work. 

The  granite  base, 
weighing  twenty  tons, 
rests  upon  a concrete 
foundation.  From  the 
base  rises  a round  col- 
umn of  granite  fifteen 
feet  high,  surmounted 
by  a granite  globe. 

Two  sea  gulls  of 
bronze  rest  upon  the 
granite  ball.  The  birds 
weigh  about  500  pounds 
and  the  stretch  of  the 
wings,  from  tip  to  tip, 
is  eight  feet. 

The  unveiling  cere- 
mony took  place  on 
Wednesday,  October  Sea  Gull  Monument. 

1st,  1913. 

“The  graceful  Doric  column  of  the  monument  surmounting 
the  base,  is  fifteen  feet  high  and  is  topped  by  a granite  sphere, 
on  which  two  gulls  are  seen  in  the  act  of  lighting  upon  it — a most 


32 


The  Sea  Gull  Monument. 


graceful  thing  in  itself —and  Mr.  Young,  the  sculptor,  has  caught 
the  action  of  it  true  to  life. 

“On  three  sides  of  the  high  base,  in  relief  sculpture,  the  Sea 
Gull  story  is  told:  The  tableture  on  the  east  tells  of  the  arrival 
and  early  movements  of  the  Pioneers.  In  the  left  foreground  of 
the  rugged  Wasatch  mountains  there  is  the  man  afield  with  ox 
team,  plowing  the  stubborn  soil,  aided  by  the  boy  driver,  followed 

by  the  sower.  In  the  right 
foreground  is  the  wagon 
home,  women  preparing  the 
humble  meal  while  an  In- 
dian sits  in  idle  but  graceful 
pose  looking  upon  all  this 
strange  activity  that  is  to  re- 
deem his  land  from  savagery 
and  give  it  back  to  civiliza- 
tion. 

“The  second  tableture — on 
the  south — tells  the  story  of 
the  threatened  devastation 
from  the  crickets’  invasion. 

“A  point  of  mountain  and 
a glimpse  of  the  placid,  dis- 
tant lake  is  seen.  The  farm- 
er’s fight  with  the  invading 
host  is  ended — he  has  exhausted  all  his  ingenuity  and  his  strength 
in  the  fight.  He  is  beaten— -you  can  see  that  in  the  hopeless  sinking 
of  his  figure  to  the  earth  his  bowed  head  and  listless  down-hanging 
hands  from  which  the  spade  has  fallen. 

“Despair  claims  him  and  laughs.  With  the  woman  of  this 
tableture  it  is  different.  She  is  holding  a child  by  the  hand — 
through  it  she  feels  throbbing  the  call  of  the  future  — the  life  of 
a generation  of  men  and  women  yet  to  be. 

“Strange  that  to  woman — man’s  complement — is  given  such 
superior  strength  in  hours  of  severest  trial.  Where  man’s  strength 
and  courage  and  fighting  ends,  woman’s  hope  and  faith  and  trust 
seem  to  spring  into  newness  of  life.  From  her  nature  she  seems 
able  to  do  this  inconsistent  yet  true  thing — to  hope  against  hope, 
and  ask  till  she  receives. 


The  Sea  Gull  Monument. 


33 


“I  do  not  know  in  what  school  of  psychology  the  sculptor 
studied  his  art,  but  he  has  certainly  been  true  to  the  great  psy- 
chological difference  between 
man  and  woman.  But  to  re- 
turn to  this  woman  of  the 
second  tableture — she,  too,  is 
toil  worn,  and  there  is  some- 
thing truly  pathetic  in  her 
body  weariness,  but  her  head 
is  raised.  Raised  to  what 
until  now  has  seemed  the 
pitiless  skies;  but  now  they 
are  filled  with  the  oncoming 
flocks  of  sea  gulls.  Does 
she  watch  their  coming  with 
merely  idle  curiosity  or  vague 
wonderment?  Or  does  her 
soul  in  the  strange  gull  cry 
hear  God’s  answer  to  her 
cal!  for  help?  God’s  answer  to  her  they  were,  these  gulls,  in  any 
event,  as  the  gulls  soon  proved  by  devouring  the  destroyer. 

'‘The  third  tableture  com- 
memorates the  Pioneer’s 
first  harvest — worthily,  too. 

In  the  background  rises  En- 
sign Peak. 

“In  the  middle  background 
the  log  house  home  stands 
finished;  in  the  foreground, 
harvesting  the  golden  grain 
is  in  progress,  both  men  and 
women  take  joyous  part.  To 
the  right,  a mother  half 
kneeling  holds  to  her  full 
breast  a balbe,  who  'on  the 
heart  and  from  the  heart’  re- 
ceives his  nourishment,  and 
about  her  knees  two  other 
children  play  in  happy,  child- 
ish oblivion  of  toil  and  care.  O,  happy  scene  of  life  and  joy,  'where 


34 


Z.  C.  M.  I. 


plenty  leaps  to  laughing  life  with  her  redundant  horn.’ 

“On  the  fourth  tableture  is  the  title  of  the  monument.  For- 
tunately it  is  simple,  and  not  explanatory — the  work  of  the  sculp- 
tor tells  the  story — tells  it  well  and  eloquently.  Too  much  nar- 
ration would  have  marred  it — this  is  the  inscription: 

“‘SEA  GULL  MONUMENT, 

ERECTED  IN  GRATEFUL  REMEMBRANCE  OF 
THE  MERCY  OF  GOD  TO  THE  MORMON  PIONEERS.’” 


Z.  C.  M.  I. 


Zion’s  Co-operative  Mercantile  Institution 
was  organized  under  the  immediate  direc- 
tion of  the  noted  pioneer,  colonizer  and  leader,  Brigham  Young, 
October  16,  1868. 

The  chief  purpose  of  its  establishment  was  the  regulation  of 
trade  for  the  benefit  of  the  people  of  Utah. 

Success  attended  it  from  the  beginning.  Stocks  of  goods  were 


purchased  from  merchants  who  were  willing  to  invest  in  the  insti- 
tution and  business  commenced  March  1,  1869.  The  co-operative 
movement  spread  very  rapidly,  until  to-day  there  are  more  than 
one  hundred  such  stores  throughout  this  country,  owned  by  the 
people  locally,  but  mainly  drawing  their  supplies  from  the  parent 
institution. 

The  first  year's  sales  amounted  to  $1,230,700. 


It  was  incor- 


Z.  C.  M I. 


35 


porated  in  1870  with  a paid  up  capital  of  $220,000.  In  1805,  the 
period  of  incorporation  having  expired,  the  Institution  was  re-in- 
corporated for  fifty  years  with  a capital  of  $1,077,000.  This  stock 
is  held  by  some  600  stockholders  residing  in  all  parts  of  the  world. 

The  annual  sales  of  Z.  C.  M.  I.  from  the  beginning  averaged 
more  than  $3,000,000,  and  are  now  over  $6,000,000. 

It  was  the  first  establishment  in  the  West  to  lead  out  into 
Department  business,  and  to-day  is  admittedly  the  handsomest 
store  in  this  region,  covering  a floor  space  of  some  255,000  square 
feet,  and  up-to-date  in  every  respect. 

Z.  C.  M.  I.  Drug  Store 
is  located  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  street,  nearly 
one  block  south  of  the  de- 
partment store,  at  Nos. 

112-114  South  Main  street. 

A shoe  factory  was  es- 
tablished as  early  as  1870, 
and  in  1878  a clothing  fac- 
tory for  the  manufacture 
of  overalls,  jumpers  and 
other  cotton  clothing.  It 
has  a capacity  of  turning 
out  500  pair  of  boots  and 
shoes  per  day,  and  100 
dozen  garments. 

Z.  C.  M.  I.  has  prospered 
from  the  commencement. 

It  has  weathered  the  storms  of  three  great  commercial  panics  and 
several  business  depressions  maintained  its  credit  in  the  chief 
financial  and  business  circles  of  the  country,  aided  materially  in 
the  upbuilding  of  a growing  State,  and  stands  today  in  the  front 
rank  as  a flourishing,  progressive  and  vigorous  institution  and  en- 
terprise, second  to  none  in  the  magnificent  Empire  of  the  West. 
Its  motto  is:  “Live  and  Help  to  Live.” 


Hotels 

The  Hotel  Utah,  a magnificent,  thoroughly  fire-proof  hostelry 
of  500  rooms,  erected  at  a cost  of  $2,250,000,  and  opened  in  June, 
1911. 

No  hotel  in  America  has  a more  ideal  location.  Situated  im- 
mediately across  the  street  from  the  Great  Mormon  Temple  with 
its  splendidly  kept  grounds,  and  right  in  the  very  heart  of  the  in- 
teresting and  historical  spots  of  the  city,  and  yet  in  the  very  cen- 
ter of  the  shopping  district. 


The  rates  for  room  without  bath,  $1.50  and  $2.00  per  day.  With 
bath,  $2.00  per  day  and  upwards. 

Everything  in  the  way  of  superior  service  that  may  be  found 
at  the  newest  and  very  best  hotels  of  this  country — and  at  sen- 
sible prices. 

Under  the  management  of  Geo.  O.  Reif. 


37 


The  Kenyon  Hotel  is  distinguished  for  its  “Heart  of  the  City” 
location,  modern  equipment,  new  furnishings,  numerous  comfort 
features  and  money  economy  to  guests.  It  is  the  center  of  tourist 
activities  and  has  long  enjoyed  the  reputation  of  furnishing  the 
maximum  of  conveniences  to  the  transient  and  visitor  in  Salt  Lake 
City.  Rates,  $1.00  per  day  and  upwards. 


Cafe  Maxim,  located  on  the  lower  floor  of  the  Kenyon  Hotel, 
is  a celebrated  restaurant  of  the  West,  and  offers  the  best  in  cuisine 
and  pleasing  entertainment  at  luncheon,  dinner  and  after  the 
theater. 

When  visiting  Ogden,  Utah,  famed  for  beautiful  Ogden 
Canyon,  tourists  will  find  most  desirable  convenience,  comfort, 
service  and  safety  at  the  Hotel  Marion,  the  best  constructed,  best 
equipped  and  best  furnished  hotel  in  the  city  of  Ogden.  Rates 
$1.00  per  day  and  upwards. 


38 


The  New  Semloh  is  a new  modern  hotel  in  the  very  heart  of 
Salt  Lake  City,  and  has  special  accommodations  for  commercial 
men.  It  is  provided  with  a “Rathskeller/’  seating  600  persons  and 
is  located  at  the  corner  of  State  and  Second  South  streets,  near 
all  retail  business  and  points  of  interest. 


It  contains  250  rooms  (all  outside  ones),  180  connecting  with 
baths,  and  has  20  sample  rooms.  The  hotel  cost  $450,000,  was 
opened  April  15,  1910,  and  is  most  beautifully  furnished  through- 
out. Excellent  music  is  provided  in  the  “Rathskeller.” 

The  Semloh  is  near  all  the  theaters  and  points  of  interest. 
From  the  roof  the  guests  have  a fine  view  of  the  mountains,  Great 
Salt  Lake  and  the  valley.  Rates  from  $1.00  up.  Semloh  Hotel 
Co.,  proprietors.  J.  C.  Wyatt,  Pres.  & Mgr. 


Trust  Company. 


39 


Trust  Company.  One  of  the  most  interesting  sights  of  the 
city  is  the  Safety  Deposit  Vaults  of  the  Salt  Lake  Security  & Trust 
Company,  32  Main  Street.  The  ten  thousand  dollar  marble  stair- 
way leads  to  spacious  reception  rooms  of  solid  marble,  and  vaults 
containing  several  thousand  safety  boxes  of  jiggered  copper. 

The  Salt  Lake  Security  & Trust  Company  has  invested  up- 
wards of  Fourteen  Millions  of  Dollars  of  eastern  capital  in  Salt 
Lake  property. 


Main  Street. 

It  pays  six  per  cent  o:*i  certificates  of  deposit,  secured  by  first 
mortgages  on  the  choicest  real  estate  in  the  city.  Its  capital  and 
surplus  of  $400,000.00,  together  with  twenty-five  years  successful 
business  experience,  makes  the  Salt  Lake  Security  & Trust  Com- 
pany one  of  the  strongest  financial  institutions  in  the  West.  Visi- 
tors are  cordially  invited. 


The  Public  Schools  of  Utah 

By  A.  C.  Matheson,  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction. 


Utah  has  a population  of  about  375,000.  It  has  117,632  child- 
ren of  school  age,  of  whom  more  than  95,000  are  enrolled  in  the 
public  schools. 

Utah’s  illiteracy  is  only  2.5  per  cent. 

Eighty-six  per  cent  of  the  State’s  tax  revenue  is  used  for  edu- 
actional  purposes. 

Districts  unable  with  the  funds  derived  from  maximum  tax 
levies  to  maintain  their  schools  at  least  twenty-eight  weeks  during 
the  year  and  unable  to  pay  each  teacher  at  least  $525,  receive  spe- 
cial State  aid  through  legislative  appropriations. 

One  or  two  States  expend  more  per  capita  for  adult  population 
for  public  education,  but  in  Utah  especially  large  expenditures  are 
made  in  denominational  schools.  The  Mormon  church  alone  ex- 
pends $450,000  annually  for  the  maintenance  of  its  schools,  ex- 
clusive of  funds  for  new  buildings. 

The  State  higher  educational  institutions  receive  a fixed  por- 
tion of  the  State’s  revenue. 

In  Utah  local  school  boards  are  required  to  set  aside  annually 
from  the  local  school  fund  a sum  equal  to  fifteen  cents  for  each 
child  of  school  age  in  the  district,  to  be  expended  for  school  library 
books  which  are  recommended  by  the  State  Board  of  Education. 

Almost  without  exception,  the  finest  structures  in  Utah  com- 
munities are  school  buildings. 

Utah  has  $8,000,000  invested  in  public  school  buildings. 

There  are  not  more  than  fifteen  typical  one-room  school 
houses  in  the  State. 

The  people  of  Utah  for  the  most  part  live  in  compact  settle- 
ments with  their  farms  on  the  outskirts.  Largely  for  this  reason 
there  are  practically  no  rural  schools  and  but  few  ungraded 
schools. 

Of  the  twenty-seven  counties  in  Utah  seven  have  each  con- 
solidated their  smaller  school  districts  into  one  school  district. 
One  other  county  has  consolidated  its  smaller  districts  into  two 
large  districts.  These  consolidated  districts  have  boards  of  edu- 
cation consisting  of  five  members.  The  superintendent  and  super- 


The  Public  Schools  of  Utah. 


41 


visors  are  appointed  by  the  district  board  of  education.  The  coun- 
ty is  the  unit  for  school  taxing  purposes  and  for  all  administrative 
school  work.  In  these  consolidated  districts  children  have  prac- 
tically every  school  advantage  enjoyed  by  children  in  city , schools, 
and  they  have  the  additional  advantages  of  country  life. 

Nineteen  modern  public  high  school  buildings  have  been 
erected  in  Utah  during  the  past  four  years  at  a cost  varying  from 
$25,000  ter-  $600,000  each. 


South  Temple  Street,  Salt  Lake  City. 

Plans  and  specifications  for  school  buildings  must  be  approved 
by  a State  Commission,  consisting  of  the  State  Superintendent 
of  Public  Instruction,  the  Executive  Officer  of  the  State  Board  of 
Health,  and  an  architect  appointed  by  the  Governor. 

There  are  2,800  teachers  in  the  elementary  schools,  most  of 
whom  are  normal  school  graduates.  The  teachers  in  the  public 
schools  of  Utah  come  from  practically  every  State  in  the  Union. 
In  the  schools  of  Salt  Lake  City  alone  are  teachers  from  thirty 
States  and  from  England,  France  and  Germany. 


42 


The  Public  Schools  of  Utah. 


The  minimum  requirements  to  teach  in  the  elementary  schools 
are  a four-year  high  school  education  and  additional  credits  in 
pedagogy,  psychology  and  the  history  of  education.  These  cre- 
dentials simply  render  an  applicant  eligible  to  enter  the  examina- 
tion for  a teaching  certificate. 

To  be  eligible  to  teach  in  the  high  schools  of  the  State  a per- 
son must  be  a college  graduate  or  a teacher  with  equivalent 
scholarship. 

By  provisions  of  law  the  State  University  is  required  to 
furnish  instructors  for  county  teachers’  institutes.  The  governing- 
board  for  these  institutes  consists  of  the  State  Superintendent, 
the  Principal  of  the  State  Normal  School,  and  each  respective 
County  Superintendent. 

The  development  of  high  schools  in  Utah  during  the  last  five 
years  has  been  greater  in  proportion  to  population  than  in  any 
other  State  of  the  Union. 

During  the  last  ten  years  the  number  of  public  high  schools 
has  increased  from  five  to  forty;  the  enrollment  and  attendance 
have  increased  600  per  cent. 

Utah  is  one  of  the  few  States  which  give  a fixed  portion  of  the 
State’s  revenue  for  high  school  purposes. 

The  State  Board  of  Education  prescribes  the  course  of  study 
for  the  high  schools  and  also  appoints  a State  High  School  In- 
spector, who  devotes  all  his  time  to  these  schools. 

Practically  all  high  schools  have  gymnasiums  as  well  as  li- 
braries. 

Outside  of  cities  oi  the  first  and  second  class  and  of  mining 
districts,  high  schools  are  required  to  offer  courses  in  agriculture. 

To  be  eligible  to  participate  in  the  benefits  of  the  State  high 
school  fund  a high  school  must  provide  adequate  equipment  for 
the  courses  which  it  offers. 

Last  year  the  high  schools  participating  in  the  high  school 
fund  received  $17.10  for  each  student  in  attendance  at  least  twenty 
weeks. 

Utah  has  free  text  book;  for  its  children;  uniform  examina- 
tions for  its  eighth  grade  pupils  and  also  for  its  teachers. 

Agriculture  is  a required  subject  in  the  eighth  grade  of  the 
elementary  schools. 

Twenty-five  municipal  libraries  have  recently  been  established. 

“To-day  one  little  county  in  Utah  has  in  the  world’s  arena 


Climatic  Features  of  Utah. 


43 


some  of  the  best  artists,  sculptors,  singers  and  instrumentalists 
in  America,  more,  probably,  than  any  State  of  ten  times  its  popu- 
lation. In  Boston  alone  last  year  a Utahn  won  the  highest  prize 
for  sculpture,  musical  composition  and  on  the  violin.  One  of  the 
prizes  of  the  National  Federation  of  Musical  Clubs  goes  to  a 
Utahn.” — Boston  Journal  of  Education,  January,  1913.) 

CLIMATIC  FEATURES  OF  UTAH. 

By  Alfred  H.  Thiessen,  Director  U.  S.  Weather  Bureau. 

Of  all  living  creatures,  man  is  the  most  capable  of  living 
under  conditions  of  wide  ranges  of  temperature.  In  Utah  the 
temperatures  are  favorable  for  health,  the  mean  being  about  48 
degrees.  Too  warm  a cli- 
mate weakens  the  race  both 
mentally  and  physically; 
while  a very  cold  climate 
consumes  the  energies  in 
keeping  up  the  bodily  func- 
tions. 

The  effects  of  a moderate- 
ly high  altitude  on  man  seem 
to  be  so  involved  with  the 
effects  of  other  climatic  ele- 
ments that  it  is  difficult  to 
determine  just  what  they  real- 
ly are.  In  general  it  may  be 
said  that  moderately  high 
altitudes,  say  from  2,000  to 
7,000  feet,  have  an  invigor- 
ating influence,  due  probably 
to  the  greater  ease  with  which  oxygen  is  absorbed.  The  highland 
people  attain  a vigor  and  strength  seldom  seen  with  lowland  peoi  !e. 

Studies  regarding  the  effect  of  moisture  on  health  show  that 
relatively  dry  air  is  much  more  favorable  than  moist  air.  Very 
moist  air,  particularly  if  accompanied  by  great  heat,  is  unhealthful; 
whereas,  on  the  other  hand,  very  dry  air  causes  nervous  disorders. 
In  Utah  the  humidity  may  be  said  to  be  moderately  dry.  The 
lowest  humidity  occurs  in  summers,  when  it  mitigates  the  effect  of 
the  warm  weather;  and  the  highest  humidity  occurs  in  winter,  when 
it  is  more  endurable.  The  general  low  humidity  is  beneficial  in 


Launches  on  Provo  River 


44 


Climatic  Features  of  Utah. 

summer,  because  the  dry  air  causes  rapid  evaporation  from  the 
body,  thus  cooling  it:  dry  air  is  advantageous  in  winter,  because 
a damp  atmosphere  penetrates  the  clothing,  making  it  a good  con- 
ductor and  therefore  less  efficient  in  conserving  the  natural  heat 
of  the  body. 

While  wind  is  often  destructive,  it  serves  a very  important 
purpose  in  mixing  gases,  keeping  them  in  correct  proportions,  and 
in  effecting  ventilation.  The  importance  of  having  thorough  ven- 
tilation is  shown  in  various  health  studies,  in  the  attendance  fall-off 
during  a calm  at  school,  and  in  the  increase  of  the  sick  lists  at  po- 
lice headquarters  and  hospitals. 

There  is  also  an  effect  of  climate  that  can  not  be  so  exactly 
gauged  as  the  effect  on  health  and  human  activities,  and  that  is  the 
spirtual  or  mind  effect.  The  freedom  of  the  mountaineer  is  pro- 
verbial. He  has  a freedom,  not  only  from  the  ills  of  the  body,  but 
a freedom  of  thought,  a love  of  liberty,  that  he  has  imbibed  from  the 
free  air  of  the  mountains. 

The  various  stations  in  Utah  where  weather  data  are  accumu- 
lated arc  situated,  for  the  most  part,  at  elevations  varying  from 
4,800  to  6,000  feet.  It  is  difficult,  owing  to  the  scarcity  of  settlers, 
to  obtain  data  at  higher  elevations. 

The  mean  annual  temperature  of  Utah  within  these  limits  is 
about  48  degrees;  since  1890  the  mean  annual  temperature  varied 
from  46.5  degrees  in  1S94  to  49.9  degrees  in  1901  and  1910. 

The  local  annual  temperatures  ranged,  on  the  average,  from 
39.3  degrees  at  Woodruff  to  59  degrees  at  St.  George;  while  the 
mean  annual  temperature  of  Salt  Lake  City,  the  capital  and  prin- 
cipal city,  is  52  degrees. 

The  warmest  month  is  July  and  the  coldest  January.  The 
mean  January  temperature  for  the  State  is  about  26  degrees,  and 
the  mean  July  temperature  is  68.6  degrees.  Temperatures  as  low 
as  50  degrees  below  zero  have  been  recorded,  but  are  rare;  indeed, 
temperatures  below  zero  at  Salt  Lake  City  are  more  tlie  exception 
than  the  rule.  In  summer,  temperatures  over  100  degrees  have 
been  frequently  recorded  in  the  warmer  portions  of  the  State,  but 
the  mean  maximum  temperature  for  Salt  Lake  City  is  about  88 
degrees. 

The  state  of  one's  feelings  depends,  as  far  as  the  weather  is 
concerned,  upon  three  factors — temperature,  moisture,  and  move- 
ment, and  a variation  of  any  one  of  these  will  make  one  more  or 


Climatic  Features  of  Utah. 


45 


less  uncomfortable:  or  a variation  in  two  of  these  elements  may  not 
cause  any  discomfort  whatever.  The  summer  temperatures 
in  Utah  occur  at  a time  of  low  humidity,  which  renders  them  less 
severe  on  the  human  system  than  were  the  same  temperatures  ex- 
perienced in  more  humid  climates. 

Utah  is  usually  considered  a dry  State;  but  the  winter  snows 
are  stored  in  the  mountains  and  melt  slowly  through  the  spring 
and  summer,  supplying  the  irrigating  ditches  with  water;  thus 
crops  are  grown  here  as  in  States  having  heavier  rainfall.  The 
precipitation  for  the  State  as  a whole  averages  about  12.50  inches, 
and  ranges  locally  from  5.34  inches  at  Green  river  to  24.63  inches 
at  Ranch. 

The  yearly  rainfall  at  Salt  Lake  City  is  about  16  inches.  The 
wettest  seasons  are  winter  and  spring;  the  others  are  compara- 
tively dry. 

The  particular  cli- 
matic temperature  ele- 
ment of  Salt  Lake  City 
which  gives  it  prestige 
is  its  low  temperature 
variability.  As  a rule, 
it  is  not  the  existing 
tern  perature  which 
causes  so  much  discom- 
fort as  the  sudden 
changes  from  day  to 
day.  The  daily  changes 
in  Salt  Lake  City  are 
smaller  than  any  other  Pine  Crest,  Emigration  Canyon, 

important  inland  city  of  this  country  having  the  same  latitude. 

In  short,  there  are  united  in  Utah  the  more  agreeable  climatic 
elements;  a delightful  change  is  offered  by  the  march  of  the  sea- 
sons, the  altitude  is  moderate,  the  air  bracing,  and  even  the  warm 
weather  of  summer  is  not  enervating. 


Electric  cars  make  regular  trips  “Over  the  old  Mormon  Trail,”  . 
during  the  summer  months,  via.  Emigration  Canyon  Railroad. 


Agriculture 

Utah’s  agriculture  will  ultimately  be  among  the  very  fore- 
most. In  the  utilization  of  our  rich  acres  we  have  just  begun  to 
see  the  possibilities.  Our  irrigated  districts  especially  offer  the 
ideal  in  farming.  The  soil  is  so  rich,  and  the  consequent  product 
so  profuse,  that  men  ultimately  must  cultivate  a few  acres  only. 

This  eliminates  seclusion — the  bane  of  the  extensive  farming 
of  much  of  the  great  Mississippi  belt  and  other  parts  of  the  coun- 
try. Such  intensive  farming  as 
Utah  offers  holds  out  the  oppor- 
tunity of  a social  system  not  sur- 
passed in  any  land.  Intensive 
farming  must  be  scientific  farm- 
ing, which  presumes,  in  course 
of  development,  an  exceptional- 
ly high  standard  of  intelligence 
in  the  farming  community. 

Granting  this  it  is  not  a far 
reach  of  the  imagination  to  see 
the  valleys  of  Utah  among  the 
choicest  garden  spots  of  the 
world.  And  the  high  average 
intelligence  which  will  be  Utah’s 
even  more  in  the  future  than  in 
the  past,  will  impart  a whole- 
someness and  soundness  to  the 
State  in  every  department  which 
will  factor  largely  in  a rapid  de- 
velopment of  all  worthy  human 
institutions. 

The  present  irrigated  area  of  Utah  is  only  about  one  million 
acres,  but  with  a possible  maximum  of  ten  millions  of  acres  when 
all  the  waters  in  the  State  shall  be  held  back  in  canals  and  reservoirs 
and  used  in  the  best  way.  There  are  about  2,200  irrigated  farms  in 
the  State  of  Utah,  averaging  45.5  acres  each.  The  crops  grown  on 
the  irrigated  lands  are,  in  the  main,  wheat,  other  grains,  lucern, 
potatoes,  sugar  beets,  small  fruits,  apples,  peaches  and  other  fruits 
and  garden  truck.  The  live  stock  industry,  notably  dairying,  flour- 
ishes on  the  irrigated  lands.  The  income  per  acre  varies  with  the 


Dry  Farming  and  Fruit  Industry. 


47 


crop  grown,  the  care  given  the  land  and  other  local  conditions. 
The  personal  factor  is  the  main  one  in  considering  the  profitable- 
ness of  irrigation  farming.  When  the  crops  are  wisely  chosen  and 
correctly  cared  for,  yields  representing  $100  to  $1,000  per  acre  are 
not  uncommon.  From  five  to  fifteen  acres  are  sufficient  to  main- 
tain a family  in  comfort  if  the  more  intensive  methods  of  farming 
are  used. 

Dry  Farming  in  Utah — Fruit  Industry. 

In  November,  1012,  there  were  forty-three  thousand  acres 
planted  to  orchard  in  Utah.  Fifty-six  per  cent  of  this  area  is  in 
apples,  twenty-five  per  cent  in  peaches,  and  the  remainder  in  pears, 
plums,  prunes,  apricots,  and  grapes.  About  eighty  per  cent  of  the 
orchard  area  is  in  Utah,  Box 
Elder,  Salt  Lake,  Weber, 

Davis  and  Cache  counties. 

Fewer  than  half  of  the  trees 
planted  are  yet  in  bearing. 

Wherever  Utah  fruit  has 
been  used,  it  is  known  to  be 
of  superior  quality.  Our 
high  altitude,  clear  skies,  and 
soils  rich  in  lime,  potash  and 
phosphates,  all  favor  the  pro- 
duction of  fruit  of  good  size, 
delicious  flavor,  beautiful 
color  and  superior  keeping 
and  shipping  qualities.  We 
are  enforcing  our  inspection 
laws  more  rigorously,  learn-  A Fertile  Valley, 

ing  more  about  grading  and  packing  and  are  developing  a reputa 
tion  for  honest  marketing  that  will  be  of  the  highest  value  to  the 
future  of  our  industry. 

In  a country  where  the  annual  rainfall  amounts  to  only  ten  or 
fifteen  inches  it  becomes  necessary  to  conserve  the  moisture  if  ag- 
riculture is  to  thrive.  Under  farming  by  irrigation,  water  is  led 
from  the  streams  through  canals,  laterals  and  ditches  and  spread 
out  upon  the  fields.  The  purchaser  of  a farm  buys  also  certain 
“waterrights”  that  entitle  him  to  use  so  much  water  weekly.  Under 
the  so-called  dry  or  arid  farming  a crop  is  grown  on  a piece  of  land 


48 


Mineral  Wealth  of  Utah. 


in  alternate  years,  or  perhaps  in  two  years  out  of  three.  During 
the  rest  of  the  time  the  ground  is  allowed  to  lie  fallow,  and  its  sur- 
face is  kept  free  from  weeds  and  well  broken  up,  thus  enabling  the 
rain  that  falls  upon  it  to  be  stored  up  in  the  soil  for  the  use  of  the 
next  subsequent  crop.  This  accounts  for  the  fact  that  a person 
can  take  up  only  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  government  land 
on  a “homestead  entry,”  but  can  obtain  three  hundred  and  twenty 
acres  on  a “dry  farm  entry,”  for  it  is  not  practicable  to  crop  such 
land  every  year. 

The  possible  dry-farm  area  of  Utah  is  practically  all  that  which 
is  not  occupied  by  mountains  or  under  irrigation  canals,  with  the 
exception,  perhaps,  of  some  of  the  more  desert  districts  where  the 
annual  rainfall  is  less  than  ten  inches.  Dry-farming  is  practiced  in 
all  parts  of  the  State,  on  an  area  approaching  one  million  acres.  The 
chief  dry-farm  crop  is  wheat,  the  average  acre-yield  of  which,  for 
the  State,  is  about  twenty  bushels.  Barley,  oats,  rye  and  potatoes 
are  also  successful  dry-farm  crops.  Lucern  does  well  on  the  dry- 
tarms,  especially  for  seed  production.  Other  crops  are  rapidly  be- 
ing introduced  on  the  dry-farms,  and  fruit  may  be  grown  in  small 
quantities.  It  is  smaller  than  that  produced  under  irrigation,  but  of 
fine  flavor  and  quality.  Crops  grown  under  dry-farming  are  much 
more  nutritious  than  are  those  grown  in  humid  climates,  and  such 
crops  command,  therefore,  higher  prices. 


The  Mineral  Wealth  of  Utah 

The  Output  of  Metals 

By  R.  H.  Bradford 

Mining  is  the  leading  industry  of  the  Bee-Hive  State  when 
measured  from  the  standpoint  of  production.  During  the  past 
year  (1912)  according  to  preliminary  figures  of  the  United  States 
Geological  Survey  our  production  of  gold,  silver,  copper,  lead  and 
zinc  amounted  to  $-14,000,000.  This  is  an  increase  of  19  per  cent 
over  the  record  for  the  previous  year  and  the  largest  output  in 
the  history  of  the  State.  Although  copper  is  the  principal  metal 
with  a total  value  of  near  $25,000,000,  the  other  metals  range  high 
in  importance  in  the  following  order:  Silver,  $8,100,000;  lead,  $5,- 
600,000;  gold,  $4,300,000,  and  zinc,  $1,000,000.  In  comparison  with 
other  States  of  the  Union  Utah  ranks  second  in  silver,  third  in 


Mineral  Wealth  of  Utah. 


49 


lead,  fourth  in  copper,  fifth  in  gold  and  seventh  in  zinc  produc- 
tion. Utah  has  from  her  earliest  mining  history  stood  high  in 
silver,  and  occasionally,  as  was  the  case  in  1911,  she  has  led  all 
her  sister  States  in  the  output  of  this  metal.  During  1912  she 
produced  more  of  the  white  metal  than  in  1911,  but  Nevada,  owing 
to  her  active  cyanide  mills,  forged  ahead  and  took  first  place  for 
the  year,  with  Utah  a close  second.  Arizona,  Montana  and  Michi- 
gan led  Utah  in  copper  output,  and  Idaho  and  Missouri  excelled 
her  in  the  production  of  lead.  California,  Colorado,  Nevada  and 
South  Dakota  were  the  only  States  producing  more  gold.  But 
two  Western  States  show  a larger  total  from  the  five  metals  and 
these  two,  Arizona  and  Montana,  owe  their  importance  almost 
wholly  to  copper. 

Dividends  paid  during  last  year  amounted  to  $9,500,000  or  21 
per  cent  of  the  gross  output. 


The  three  most  active  mining  districts  are  Bingham,  Tintic 
and  Park  City,  but  a score  of  others  have  materially  assisted  in 
bringing  up  the  total  output,  of  metals. 

In  many  respects  Bingham  is  to-day  certainly  the  greatest  of 
all  known  mining  camps.  No  other  is  so  favored  with  abundance 
of  ore  and  with  such  means  for  rapid  mining.  In  one  mine  alone 
she  has  166  acres  of  ground  with  ore  developed  over  tlie  whole 
area  to  an  average  depth  of  345  feet.  There  is  said  to  be  safely 
two  hundred  million  tons  of  ore  developed,  so  that  at  the  present 
rate  of  mining,  say  20,000  tons  per  day,  the  life  of  the  mine  is  at 
last  thirty  years.  With  the  twenty  thousand  tons  of  shipping  ore 
and  its  associated  capping  of  waste  rock,  the  steam  shovels  of  this 
mine  are  moving  daily  75  per  cent  of  the  greatest  amount  ever 


50 


Mineral  Wealth  of  Utah. 


bandied  at  the  Panama  Canal.  To  mine,  transport  and  treat  these 
ores  requires  the  employment  of  more  than  ten  thousand  men. 
Many  other  active  mines  assist  in  making  the  mining  industry  the 
most  important  in  the  State. 

Tintic  has  a greater  number  of  dividend  paying  mines  than  any 
other  Utah  camp.  This  district  maintains  a score  of  important 
shippers  and  her  ore  deposits  are  looking  better  with  each  suc- 
ceeding year. 

Park  City  has  since  the  early  days  been  ranked  among  the 
country’s  greatest  silver-lead  camps,  and  she  still  maintains  that 
well  established  place.  To  date  she  has  produced  metals  mar- 
keted for  $85,000,000,  of  which  $35,000,000  went  as  dividends  and 
550,000,000  paid  for  workmen’s  wages. 

Beaver  County  mines  have  shown  increased  tonnage  during 
1912  and  the  ores  from  Alta,  Ophir,  Stockton,  Santaquin,  Ameri- 


Liberty  Park,  Salt  Lake  City. 


can  Fork  and  many  other  camps  have  made  possible  the  State’s 
advance  in  mining. 

Salt  Lake  City  is  to-day  the  greatest  smelting  center  in  the 
United  States  and  therefore  in  the  world. 

The  enormous  ore  supplies  of  our  mining  camps  and  those 
from  camps  in  adjoining  States  are  reduced  to  metal  in  the  mam- 
moth mills  and  smelters  of  Salt  Lake  Valley.  Nowhere  else  may 
be  seen  a concentrating  mill  treating  12,000  tons  of  crude  ore  per 
twenty-four  hours,  or  a lead  smelter  passing  through  its  furnaces 
2,000  tons  of  charge  per  day.  The  competition  for  the  purchase 


Electric  Service. 


51 


of  suitable  ores  for  the  many  smelters  result  in  the  ore  pro- 
ducers getting  very  favorable  rates  for  his  ores. 

But  mining  in  Utah  is  yet  in  its  infancy.  What  treasures  are 
stored  up  in  our  mountains  has  scarcely  begun  to  be  known.  Recent 
developments  in  many  camps  have  revealed  phenomenal  ore 
bodies,  and  the  future  of  mining  in  the  State  never  offered  greater 
promise. 


Electric  Service 

Salt  Lake  City  is  well  abreast  of  other  cities  of  its  size  in  the 
matter  of  electric  service  in  the  various  forms  to  which  electricity 
is  now  applied.  These  consist  of  street,  commercial  and  residence 
lighting;  motor  power  for  the  operation  of  smelters,  mills  and  fac- 
tories of  various  kinds,  for  electric  elevator  service,  and  for  street 
railway  system.  The  service  is  furnished  by  the  Utah  Light  & 
Railway  Co.,  which  generates  the  electric  energy  chiefly  from  wa- 
ter power  plants,  located  on  various  mountain  streams  emptying 
into  the  valleys  of  the  Great  Basin.  One  of  its  principal  plants  de- 
rives its  power  from  the  Ogden  river  in  Weber  county,  and  two 
others  from  the  Big  Cottonwood  Creek  in  Salt  Lake  county.  In 
addition  to  these  it  has  recently  completed  a 5,500  h.  p.  water  pow- 
er plant  on  the  Weber  river  at  Devil’s  Gate,  and  a steam  generat- 
ing plant  on  the  Jordan  river  on  the  west  boundary  of  Salt  Lake 
City,  capable  of  generating  22,000  horse-power.  This  steam 
plant  is  used  for  emergency  service,  and  contains  the  largest 
and  most  up-to-date  steam  turbine  unit  west  of  the  Missis- 
sippi river.  This  company  also  purchases  the  entire  output  of  the 
electrical  plant  of  the  Utah  Power  & Light  Co.,  situated  on  the 
Bear  river  in  Box  Elder  county,  and  a considerable  amount  of  power 
is  purchased  from  the  Utah  Power  and  Light  Company,  at  Salt 
Lake  City,  whose  generating  stations  are  located  on  the  Provo 
river  in  Utah  county,  the  Logan  river  in  Cacha  county,  and  the 
Bear  river  in  Idaho.  The  Utah  Light  and  Railway  Company  thus 
controls  a generating  capacity  aggregating  30,000  horse-power 
The  cities  of  Salt  Lake,  Ogden,  Bountiful,  Woods  Cross  and  Sandy 
are  supplied  by  the  same  company.  The  high  voltage  circuits 
under  its  control  direct  arc  15S  miles  in  length,  including  a new 


52 


Electric  Service. 


steel  tower  transmission  line  between  Salt  Lake  and  Ogden,  in 
place  of  the  old  wooden  pole  line.  Its  distributing  lines,  includ- 
ing Ogden,  Salt  Lake  City,  and  smaller  cities  on  its  circuits,  serve 
a population  of  150,000. 

The  Railway  system  is  owned  and  operated  by  the  Utah  Light 
& Railway  Company  also,  and  covers  the  entire  city  of  Salt  Lake, 
extending  from  the  Superior  Addition  on  the  north  to  the  cities  of 
Sandy  and  Midvale  on  the  south,  with  lines  to  Fort  Douglas,  Sugar 
Precinct,  Forest  Dale,  Holliday,  mouth  of  Big  Cottonwood  Canyon 
and  other  suburbs. 

Since  the  control  of  the  company  was  acquired  by  the  E.  H. 
Harriman  interests  about  seven  years  ago,  approximately  $6,000,000 
nave  been  spent  in  reconstructing  the  entire  system,  and  no  expense 
has  been1  spared  to  make  Salt  Lake’s  street  rail- 
way and  electric  lighting  and  power  system  sec- 
ond to  none.  The  most  notable  improvements  are 
the  reconstruction  and  extension  of  the  street  car 
tracks,  the  substitution  of  commodious  cars  of 
modern  type  for  the  old  dilapidated  ones  formerly 
used,  the  placing  of  the  distribution  system  under 
ground  in  the  streets  of  the  commercial  district, 
the  use  of  the  modern  luminous  arcs  for  the 
steet  lighting  in  place  of  the  older  and  less  effi- 
cient, type  of  lamp,  the  installation  of  a storage 
battery  on  the  electric  elevator  system,  and  the  construction  of  two 
generating  plants  already  noted,  with  a sub-station  for  the  Sandy, 
Midvale,  Bountiful  and  Hoiliday  extensions. 

The  officers  of  the  Company  have  planned  numerous  other  im- 
provements, and  have  shown  their  abiding  faith  in  Salt  Lake  City 
by  authorizing  the  expenditure  of  the  necessary  money  to  complete 
many  of  these  during  the  coming  year. 


Sugar  Industry 

The  beet  sugar  industry  of  Utah,  is  the  most  important  and 
largest  manufacturing  interest  of  the  State.  It  has  been  in  opera- 
tion 24  years,  commencing  with  an  output  of  550  tons  of  the  re- 
fined product,  and  has  grown  to  a production  of  58,000  tons.  There 
are  seven  large  factories  in  the  State  of  Utah.  About  19%  of  this 
refined  sugar  is  consumed  locally  in  Utah  and  adjoining  states; 
the  balance  is  shipped  to  points  on  the  Missouri  River  and  as  far 
east  as  Chicago. 

The  last  factory  to  be 
built  in  Utah  was  at  Pay- 
son,  in  Utah  County,  and  it 
had  its  initial  run  in  the  fall 
of  1913. 

The  offices  of  the  Utah- 
Idaho  Sugar  Company,  are 
located  in  the  Vermont 
Building,  Salt  Lake  City, 
with  Joseph  F.  Smith  as 
President;  Thomas  R.  Cut- 
ler, Vice-President  and 
General  Manager;  Horace 
G.  Whitney,  Secretary  and 
Treasurer;  Walter  T.  Pyp- 
er,  Assistant  Secretary  and 
Treasurer,  and  Richard  W. 

Young,  Attorney.  Its  fac- 
tories &re  located  at  Lehi, 

Garland,  Payson  and  Elsi- 
nore, Sevier  County,  with 
cutting  stations  at  Provo  and  Spanish  Fork.  These  cutting  stations 
are  quite  unique  in  the  history  of  beet  sugar  in  the  United  States. 
Prom  such  stations  the  best  juice  is  pumped  to  the  Lehi  plant,  the 
extreme  distance  being  30  miles. 

The  Amalgamated  Sugar  Company’s  offices  are  located  at 
Ogden  City,  and  its  factories  at  Ogden,  Logan  and  Lewiston. 

The  beets  for  all  these  factories  are  grown  principally  by  the 
farmers,  of  whom  about  6,000  contract  yearly  with  the  said  com- 
panies. The  harvest  commences  the  latter  part  of  September,  and 


Main  Street,  Salt  Lake  City. 


54 


the  factories  are  in  operation  from  that  date  until  sometime  in 
January,  after  which,  and  during  the  interim  between  seasons,  a 
large  force  of  men  are  kept  busy  cleaning  up,  repairing  and  getting 
the  factories  ready  for  operation  the  following  year. 


The  Great  Salt  Lake 

From  “The  Great  Salt  Lake”  by  James  E.  Talmage,  Ph.  D. 

Though  generally  designated  by  the  adjective  “Great,”  the 
Salt  Lake  is  but  a shrunken  remnant  of  a vastly  larger  water  body 
which  once  existed,  of  a veritable  inland  sea,  completely 
filling  the  valley  in  the  lowest  portion  of  which  the  modern  lake 
rests,  and  extending  beyond  the  northern  and  western  boundaries 
of  the  present  State  of  Utah.  To  this  ancient  sea  the  name 
“Lake  Bonneville”  has  been  applied. 

Its  present  dimensions  have  been  recorded  as  follows:  Aver- 
age length,  75  miles;  greatest  width,  50  miles;  extent  of  surface, 
2,135  square  miles. 

Rising  from  the  w^ater  surface  are  precipitous  islands,  appear- 
ing in  their  true  character  of  mountain  peaks  and  ranges,  the 
lower  part  of  their  masses  being  submerged.  Of  these  water-girt 
mountain  bodies,  Antelope  and  Stansbury  islands  are  the  largest; 
and  the  others  are  Carrington,  Fremont,  Gunnison,  Dolphin,  Mud 
and  Hat  or  Egg  islands,  and  Strong’s  Knob.  The  islands  appear 
as  continuations  ef  the  mountain  ranges  which  diversify  the  con- 
tiguous land  area,  and  an  examination  of  their  structure  confirms 
this  inference. 

At  present,  communication  between  mainland  and  island 
is  affected  by  boat;  though  at  low  water  periods,  Antelope  and 
Stansbury  islands  have  been  accessible  by  fording.  Limited  areas 
of  the  larger  island  are  under  cultivation,  and  the  regions  have 
long  been  utilized  as  pasture  lands.  Some  discoveries  of  mineral- 
ized deposits  have  been  reported  from  the  lake-washed  mountains, 
but  thus  far  no  profitable  mining  for  metals  has  been  accom- 
plished. 

The  tiny  hill  whose  summit  rises  from  the  briny  waters  as  a 
rock  knoll,  known  as  Hat  or  Egg  island,  is  the  principal  rookery 
of  the  feathered  frequenters  of  the  lake.  There  congregate  during 
breeding  season  thousands  of  pelicans  and  gulls,  and  when  they 
depart  they  are  accompanied  by  the  new  generation  of  their  kind, 


The  Great  Salt  Lake. 


55 


in  uncounted  numbers.  A visit  to  this  isle  of  nests  at  the  proper 
time  reveals  the  spectacle  of  great  flocks  of  half-fledged  pelicans 
awaiting  the  arrival  of  their  fisher-parents,  or  ravenously  devour- 
ing the  scaly  contents  of  the  parental  pouches.  The  fish  thus  sup- 
plied are  caught  by  the  old  birds  at  the  mouths  of  the  fresh  water 
streams  which  feed  the  lake  reservoir. 

The  peculiar  advantages  and  attractions  of  the  Great  Salt 
Lake  for  bathing  purposes  were  known  to  the  earliest  white  ex- 


Saltair  Pavilion. 

plorers;  and  even  prior  to  their  visits,  the  Indians,  who  are  not 
famous  for  their  love  of  ablutions,  had  discovered  the  difference 
between  a dip  in  fresh  water  and  a bath  in  this  natural  brine. 
The  aborigines  who  dwelt  near  the  shores  of  Utah  lake  forty  miles 
to  the  south,  specifically  known  as  the  Timpanogotzic,  informed 
Padre  Escalante  of  the  strange  properties  of  the  water.  The 
Padre  writes:  “The  other  lake  with  which  this  one  communicates 
is,  as  they  informed  us,  many  leagues  in  extent;  and  its  waters  are 
noxious  and  extremely  salt,  so  that  the  Timpanogotzic  asserted 
to  us  that  when  any  one  rubbed  a part  of  the  body  with  it  he 
would  feel  an  itching  sensation  in  the  moistened  part.” 

Salt  Lake  brine  is  among  the  most  concentrated  and  therefore 


56 


Saltair. 


the  deepest  of  natural  waters;  indeed,  it  is  surpassed  in  point  of 
density  by  but  one  large  water  body— the  Dead  Sea. 

The  Salt  Lake  water  is  extremely  buoyant,  and  this  fact  the 
bather  soon  demonstrates  to  his  fullest  satisfaction.  It  is  a 
physical  impossibility  for  the  human  body  to  remain  submerged, 
and  the  skillful  swimmer  may  float  without  effort,  rather  upon 
than  in  the  brine. 

Saltair. 

A sight  for  the  traveler  who  visits  the  city  of  Salt  Lake  is  the 
Pavilion,  located  at  Saltair  Beach,  on  the  Great  Salt  Lake.  This 
wonderful  building  is  a monumental  testimony  of  the  enterprising 
energy  of  Utah  citizens  and  Utah  capital.  It  is  situated  16  miles 
due  west  from  Salt  Lake  City,  and  is  reached  by  a thirty-minute 
ride  on  the  Salt  Lake  & Los  Angeles  Railway,  which  is  especially 
equipped  for  the  transportation  of  the  immense  crowds  that  pat- 
ronize the  resort  every  day  during  the  season. 

The  various  buildings  of  the  Pavilion  form  a symmetrical 
group,  with  a large  central  structure  connected  with  long,  taper- 
ing piers  at  each  end,  curving  toward  the  lake  and  surmounted 
by  large,  airy  observatories.  The  architecture  is  after  the  Moor- 
ish style,  and  the  general  effect  is  as  beautiful  as  the  structure  is 
serviceable  and  substantial.  This  magnificent  Pavilion  was  built 
at  a cost  of  over  $350,000  and  was  opened  to  the  public  July  Fourth, 
1893. 

The  magnitude  of  this  structure  can  be  appreciated  only  when 
one  has  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  it.  In  length  it  is  1,200  feet, 
while  the  extreme  width  is  355  feet.  The  top  of  the  main  tower 
is  130  feet  above  the  surface  of  the  water.  The  lower  floor,  used 
principally  for  an  immense  lunch  and  refreshment  bowery,  is  pro- 
vided with  large  tables  and  seats  enough  to  accommodate  over  a 
thousand  people  at  a time.  The  upper  floor  of  the  main  building 
is  used  for  dancing,  and  is  one  of  the  largest  dancing  floors  in  the 
world,  its  dimensions  being  140x250  feet  of  clear  floor,  without  a 
pillar  or  obstruction  of  any  kind.  A thousand  couples  dancing 
at  one  time  is  a frequent  sight  to  be  seen  at  this  resort.  The 
dancing  floor  is  covered  with  a dome-shaped  roof  constructed 
after  the  plan  of  the  famed  Salt  Lake  City  Tabernacle.  The  bath- 
ing at  this  wonderful  resort  is  the  best,  most  exhilarating,  and 
most  healthful  in  the  world,  and  may  be  enjoyed  between  May  and 
October  to  its  fullest  extent. 


Attractions,  Resources,  Industries 

Utah  has  more  than  twenty  thousand  farms,  comprising  3,397,- 
699  acres,  having  a total  value  of  over  $150,000,000. 

Farm  products  in  1912  amounted  to  $30,000,000. 

The  wool  clip  in  1912  was  18,908,263  pounds. 

The  beet  sugar  output  was  98,S00,000  pounds. 

The  annual  hay  crop  is  over  1,000,000  tons. 

The  potato  yield  in  1912  was  3,515,000  bushels. 

Upwards  of  6,000,000  bushels  of  wheat,  4,000,000  bushels  of 
oats,  1,125,000  bushels  of  barley  and  270,000  bushels  of  corn  are 
produced  annually  in  Utah. 

The  value  ©f  live  stock  in  1912  was  $36,000,000;  the  product 
was  $22,000,000. 

The  value  of  the  metal  output  in  1912  was  over  $44,414,000. 

Manufactures  yield  $75,000,000  annually,  exclusive  of  smelter 
products  and  cost  of  raw  material. 

The  State  has  30,000,000  acres  of  unappropriated  and  unre- 
served land,  a large  part  of  which  could  be  profitably  tilled. 

It  has  194,458,000,000  tons  of  coal,  and  500,000  brake  h.  p.  water 
power,  only  one-tenth  of  which  is  at  present  utilized. 

There  are  600,000,000  tons  of  iron  ore  in  Utah. 

The  coal  output  in  1912  was  3,088,356  tons. 

There  is  merchantable  timber  to  the  extent  of  eight  to  ten 
billion  board  feet  of  timber,  and  more  than  ten  million  cords  of 
cedar,  pinyon  pine  and  aspen,  seven  million  cords  of  the  latter 

excellently  fit  for  the  manu- 
facture of  paper  pulp.  There 
are  hydro-carbons  of  un- 
known extent,  natural  as- 
phalt, ozokerite,  elaterite  and 
many  rare  minerals. 

The  value  of  the  gilsonite 
deposits  alone  is  estimated 
at  $7,000,000,000  and  the  salt 
deposits  of  the  Great  Ameri- 
can desert  appear  sufficient  to  give  it  a very  important  place 
among  the  resources  of  Utah. 

There  is  building  stone  in  abundance — sandstone,  limestone, 
marble,  onyx,  slate;  there  are  brick  and  fire  and  potter’s  clays  of 
excellent  quality;  plaster,  silicia  and  alum. 


Eagle  Gate. 


58 


Dates  in  Utah  History. 


Unrivaled  in  climate,  pure  air,  cool  mountain  resorts,  fine  fish- 
ing, mineral  springs,  the  Great  Salt  Lake,  a wonderful  flora,  wild 
song  birds  in  great  variety,  big  game,  infinite  variety  of  landscape, 
mountains,  valley,  plateau,  forest,  lake,  river  and  desert. 

Prehistoric  remains,  unique  geological  formations,  rare  gems 
and  minerals,  natural  bridges  and  other  scenic  wonders. 

Good  roads,  big  railway  systems,  great  farming  and  grazing- 
enterprises,  mammoth  mining  enterprises,  river  and  lake  transpor- 
tation, extensive  manufactories. 


Dates  in  UtahpHistory 

Utah  was  explored  by  two  Franciscan  monks,  Escalante  and 
Dominguez,  in  1776. 

The  Wasatch  mountains  and  the  Great  Salt  Lake  were  de- 
scribed in  detail  by  John  C.  Fremont  in  1843. 

From  1824  to  1847,  Utah  and  the  mountain  defiles  were  ren- 
dezvous for  the  trappers  in  the  employ  of  the  Hudson  Bay  Com- 
pany and  the  Rocky  Mountain  Fur  Company. 

The  first  permanent  settlement  was  made  in  the  valley  of  the 
Great  Salt  Lake  by  a band  of  “Mormon”  pioneers,  July  24,  1847. 

Salt  Lake  City  was  laid  out  and  named  in  August,  1847.  The 
following  spring  gulls  saved  the  crops  by  destroying  the  crickets. 

The  University  of  Utah  was  founded  in  March,  1850. 

Utah  Territory  was  organized  in  1850. 

The  first  newspaper  (Deseret  News),  was  published  June,  1850. 

The  first  public  library  was  established  in  Utah  in  1851. 

The  first  public  school  law  was  passed  in  1852. 

Brigham  Young  was  the  first  Governor  and  Indian  Agent  of 
Utah,  serving  in  the  former  office  from  1850  to  1857. 

The  hand-cart  immigration  began  in  1856  and  lasted  until  1861. 

The  Overland  Stage  Mail  was  established  by  B.  Holiday  in  1858. 

The  Pony  Express  was  started  between  the  Missouri  river 
and  Salt  Lake  City  in  1862. 

Gen’l  Conner  opened  the  Bingham  gold  and  silver  mines  in  1862. 

The  Overland  Telegraph  completed  to  Salt  Lake  City  in  1862. 

The  Great  Tabernacle  in  Salt  Lake  City  was  built  in  1865. 

The  Brigham  Young  monument  was  unveiled  in  July,  1S97. 

The  Transcontinental  Railroad  was  completed  in  1869. 

In  January,  1896,  Utah  was  admitted  as  the  forty-fifth  State. 


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Temple  Block 
Hotel  Utah 

Presiding  Bishops  Office 
Deseret  Gymnasium 
Lion  a Beehive  Houses 
Cagle  Gate 

Grave  of  Brigham  \oung 
Catholic  Cathedral 
LD.  5.  Hospital 


Alta  Club 
Public  Library 
Salt  Lake  Theatre 

l-C.HU. 

Peseret  News  Building 
0 5 L.  Depot 
D&R-G.  Depot 
Y M.  C.A. 

Semlofi  Hotel 


19*  Kenyon  Hofei 

10'  City  ic  County  Building 

Zt  Liberty  Park 

2Z  Federal  Building  (Posf  Office) 


Plat  of  Salt  Lake  City. 


Salt  Lake  City 

“There  is  no  Rocky  Mountain  community  that  shows  more 
growth  and  vigor  than  Salt  Lake  City.  The  streets  laid  out  by  the 
early  Mormons  are  broad  and  straight,  and  the  modern  buildings 
that  are  now  going*  up  will  help  to  make  the  coming  city  one  of 
the  foremost  in  the  entire  West  The  streets  are  filled  with  crowds 
of  busy  shoppers  and  active  business  men.  This  city,  in  the  heart 
of  what  was,  a generation  ago,  the  Great  American  Desert.,  is  now 


Wasatch  Range,  in  Winter. 


the  common  pride  of  Mormon  and  Gentile.  It  is  a monument, 
which  will  be  enduring,  to  the  spirit  of  the  Far  West  and  the  wis- 
dom of  the  Pioneers.” — Collier’s,  March  11,  1911. 

The  street  nomenclature,  at  first  bewildering,  becomes  plain 
when  one  understands  the  plan.  The  center  of  the  city  is  Temple 
Square.  The  streets  enclosing  this  square  are  North  Temple,  West 
Temple,  South  Temple  and  East  Temple  streets.  The  streets  to 
the  north  of  North  Temple  street  are  First  North,  Second  North, 
etc.;  those  to  the  west  of  West  Temple  street  are  First  West,  Sec- 
ond West,  etc.;  those  to  the  South  of  South  Temple  street  are 
First  South,  Second  South,  etc.;  those  to  the  east  of  East  Temple 
street  are  First  East,  Second  East,  etc.  A few  of  the  streets  have 
other  names:  East  Temple  street,  for  example,  is  Main  street; 
First  East  street  is  State  street,  and  Third  South  street  has  recent- 
ly come  to  be  known  as  Broadway.  Each  block  is  one-eighth  of 
a mile  long  and  contains  one  hundred  street  numbers.  The  be- 
ginning point  for  numbering  is  the  southeast  corner  of  Temple 
Square.  The  street  address  fixes  a location  with  almost  mathe- 
matical accuracy.  250  South  Fourth  East  street,  for  example,  is 
half  way  between  Second  and  Third  South  streets,  on  Fourth  East 


Salt  Lake  City. 


ei 


street.  The  blocks  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the  city  are  smaller 
than  the  others  and  the  streets  there  are  somewliat  differently 
named.  Those  running  east  and  west  are  avenues,  First  avenue 
(the  first  street  north  of  South  Temple  street  running  east  and 
west),  Second  avenue,  Third  avenue,  etc.  The  streets  running 
north  and  south  beginning  with  the  street  east  of  State  street 
( First  East  street)  are  alphabetically  named.  A street,  B street,  etc. 
Each  block  in  this  part  of  the  city  contains  only  fifty  numbers.  In 
the  northwestern  oart  of  the  city  are  practically  the  only  crooked 
streets  in  the  city  and  these  have  such  suggestive  names  as  Peach, 
Apple,  Quince  and  Pear  streets.  In  the.  main  the  city  is  rectangu- 
lar in  plan.  State  street  is  said  to  be  the  longest  straight  street  in 
the  country. 


South  Temple  Street,  Looking  East. 


The  population  of  Salt  Lake  City,  including  its  suburbs,  is  119,- 
966.  The  1910  government  census  of  the  city  proper  gives  the 
population  as  92,777.  The  1900  census  gave  it  as  53,531. 

The  average  elevation  of  the  city  is  4,3G0  feet  above  sea  level. 
The  center  of  the  business  district  is  about  4,500  feet. 

Salt  Lake  is  920  miles  from  San  Francisco,  786  miles  from  Los 
Angeles,  745  miles  from  Denver,  1,529  miles  from  Chicago,  and 
2,500  miles  from  New  York. 

According  to  the  observations  of  the  local  weather  bureau, 
covering  a period  of  35  years,  the  spring  temperature  averages 
from  41.4  to  58  3 degrees  Fahrenheit,  the  summer  from  68.3  to  75.5, 


62  Salt  Lake  City. 

the  autumn  from  65.1  to  41.4,  and  the  winter  from  28.8  to  32.9 
degrees. 

The  total  length  of  Salt  Lake  City  streets  is  478  miles.  The 
standard  width  of  a Salt  Lake  street  is  132  feet.  A standard 
square  contains  ten  acres. 

Salt  Lake  has  six  great  railroad  lines,  the  Oregon  Short  Line, 
the  Denver  & Rio  Grande,  the  Union  Pacific,  the  Western  Pacific, 
the  Southern  Pacific  and  the  San  Pedro,  Los  Angeles  & Salt  Lake. 
It  is  the  junction  point  of  four  of  these  lines. 

In  addition  it  has  the  Salt  Lake  & Ogden  interurban,  the  Salt- 

air  Beach  line  and  the 
Emigration  Canyon 
electric  road.  Another 
interurban  line  recent- 
ly completed  connects 
the  city  with  the  fertile 
Utah  Valley  on  the 
south. 

Salt  Lake  City  in- 
vests $2,000,000  a year 
in  dwelling  houses. 
These  are  built  mainly 
by  owners  and  not  for 
speculation. 

Barring  only  Washington,  D.  C.,  Salt  Lake  City  has  the  widest 
and  best  streets  in  the  United  States;  in  beauty  of  location,  health- 
fulness of  climate  and  purity  of  water  ‘ upply,  it  is  the  first,  barring 
none. 

Draw  a circle  with  a radius  of  three  hundred  miles  with  Salt 
Lake  City  as  the  center  and  you  will  have  Salt  Lake’s  tributary 
domain.  This  circle  will  take  in  all  of  Utah,  most  of  Idaho,  the 
eastern  portion  of  Nevada,  the  northern  portion  of  Arizona,  the 
western  portion  of  Colorado  and  the  western  portion  of  Wyoming. 
This  area  is  equal  to  that  of  the  British  Isles  and  Germany  com- 
bined, one-third  larger  than  all  Scandinavia  and  equal  to  the  com- 
bined area  of  the  New  England  States  and  other  Atlantic  sea- 
board States  north  of  South  Carolina.  If  England,  Ireland,  Scot- 
land, France,  Italy,  Norway  and  Sweden  were  torn  from  their  foun- 
dations and  transferred  to  this  domain,  they  would  fail  to  cover 
it  toy  fifteen  thousand  square  miles. 


Sixth  East  Street,  Salt  Lake  City. 


Information  for  Tourists 

Going  East  or  West  via  the  Denver  & Rio  Grande 
Railroad  or  Western  Pacific  Railway 


Every  ride  through  mountains  and  deserts  in  the  Great 
West  is  a new  ride.  The  Western  Pacific  Railway,  youngest  of  the 
Western  transcontinental  lines,  launches  boldly  westward  from  Salt 
Lake  City.  Significant  of  that  indomitable  spirit  by  which  it  con- 
quers the  Great  Basin,  that  toiled  Fremont  and  Carson  at  the  very 
outset,  it  hauls  its  coaches  and  Pullmans  across  the  south  end  of 
Great  Salt  Lake  on  a solid  fill,  affording  a fine  view  of  the  lake  with 
its  island  dotted  waters;  into  the  land  where  the  most  marvelous 
mirages  hover  in  the  air;  the  solitudes  of  Nevada,  with  all  its  odds 
and  ends  of  creation  in  curious  confusion;  the  beautiful  Canon  of 
the  Feather  river,  the  most  majestic  of  the  Sierras,  and  finally 
through  the  vine-clad  hills  and  orchards  of  California  and  on  to 
San  Francisco  and  the  Golden  Gate. 

Shortly  after  leaving  Salt  Lake  City,  the  east-bound  traveler 
over  the  Denver  & Rio  Grande  railroad  is  skirting  the  shores  of 
Utah  Lake,  and  near  to  Lehi  may  be  seen  the  plant  of  the  Lehi 
Sugar  Company.  Provo,  the  county  seat  of  Utah  county,  has  a 
population  of  about  9,000  and  also  boasts  the  largest  woolen  mills 
west  of  the  Mississippi  river.  A branch  line  from  this  point  ex- 
tends through  Provo  Canon  to  Heber  City. 

Castle  Gate,  66  miles  from  Provo,  has  scenery  very  similar  to 
the  gateway  to  the  Garden  of  the  Gods.  Two  huge  pillars,  off- 
shoots from  the  cliffs,  rise  on  either  side  of  the  track  to  a height  of 
500  feet 

Green  river  is  a veritable  oasis  in  the  desert.  The  river  from 
which  the  town  derives  its  name  is  a majestic  and  navigable  stream, 
which  has  its  confluence  with  the  Grand  some  90  miles  below,  where 
they  form  the  Colorado  river. 

Tourists  are  recommended  to  avail  themselves  of  this  restful 
resort,  located  on  the  D.  & R.  G.  and  Colorado  Midland  Ry.,  liberal 
stop-overs  being  allowed  on  all  tickets. 

At  Grand  Junction,  the  metropolis  of  the  Western  Slope  of 
Colorado,  passengers  have  the  choice  of  two  routes  across  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  one  via  Glenwood  Springs  and  the  other  via 


64 


Going  East,  Hotel  Colorado. 


Montrose,  Black  Canon  of  the  Gunnison  and  Marshall  Pass. 

Glenwood  Springs,  90  miles  east  from  Grand  Junction,  is  one 
of  the  noted  pleasure  and  watering  places  of  the  West.  Remarkable 
hot  sulphur  springs  have  been  modernized  with  extensive  bathing 
pavilions  and  swimming  pools,  and  a modern  resort  hotel. 


The  Hotel  Colorado,  affords  excellent  accommodations  for  the 
traveler.  It  is  located  in  a magnificent  park  and  guests  have  the 
advantage  of  the  great  swimming  pool  and  natural  vapor  baths. 
It  is  well  equipped,  having  250  rooms  and  100  private  baths. 
Bathing,  fishing,  hunting,  golf,  tennis,  polo  and  excursions  into 
the  beautiful  country  around  about,  combine  to  make  Glenwood, 
during  the  season,  a rendezvous  for  fashion,  gaiety  and  health. 

Immediately  after  leaving  Glenwood  Springs  the  train  is 
whisked  into  the  beautiful  Canon  of  the  Grand,  famed  for  its 
fantastic,  kaleidoscopic  walls,  rising  to  2,500  feet  above  the  tracks. 
The  Canon  of  the  Grand  is  succeeded  by  still  another,  the  Eagle 
River  Canon.  Here  the  traveler  gets  an  excellent  car-window  im- 
pression of  the  daring  feats  men  will  accomplish  in  delving  for  gold. 
At  the  head  waters  of  the  Eagle  river  is  Tennessee  Pass,  the  conti- 
nental divide,  on  the  eastern  slope  of  which  rises  the  Arkansas 
river. 

The  train  now  follows  the  Arkansas  river  through  Brown’s 
Canon  into  Salida,  where  trains  from  the  Marshall  Pass  line  con- 


65 


Going  East,  Colorado  Springs. 

nect  with  the  main  line,  and  then  enters  the  remarkable  Grand 
Canon  of  the  Arkansas,  midway  in  which  is  located  the  stupendous 
Royal  Gorge.  At  this  point  the  walls  are  but  ten  yards  apart  and 
the  sheer  granite  walls  rise  2,627  feet  above  the  tracks,  which  are 
built  out  over  the  rushing  Arkansas  by  means  of  a hanging  bridge, 
suspended  by  great  beams  from  the  granite  walls. 


Royal  Gorge. 


As  the  train  emerges  from  this  mighty  canon  the  orchard 
town  of  Canon  City  spreads  out  and  the  train  continues  on  to 
Pueblo,  Colorado  Springs,  Palmer  Lake  and  Denver,  the  eastern 
terminus  of  the  Denver  & Rio  Grande. 

Colorado  Springs. — This  pleasure  resort  and  residence  city  of 
Colorado  lies  at  the  base  of  Pike’s  Peak,  at  an  elevation  of  5,992 
feet.  Surrounded  as  it  is  by  the  different  points  of  interest  of  the 
great  Pike’s  Peak  region,  it  becomes  the  headquarters  for  the  tour- 
ists in  visiting  this  famous  locality,  and  offers  to  him  the  fullest  fa- 
cilities. The  electric  lines  equipped  with  the  most  modern  and 
luxurious  coaches,  connect  all  parts  of  the  city.  Pleasant  drives  are 
easily  made  to  Manitou,  the  Garden  of  the  Gods,  Glen  Eyrie,  Cliff 
Dwellers’  Canon,  Manitou  Temple  Drive,  up  Williams  Canon  to 
the  Cave  of  the  Winds,  Palmer  Park,  Monument  Park,  Bear  Creek 


66 


Going  East,  Alamo  Hotel. 


Canon  and  the  High  Drive,  South  Cheyenne  Canon  and  the  Sev- 
en Falls.  The  roads  leading  to  these  various  places  are  excep- 
tionally fine  and  conveyances  of  all  kinds  at  reasonable  prices  await 
the  tourist. 

The  Alamo,  at  Colorado  Springs,  is  a strictly  first-class  hotel 
on  the  modified  European  plan.  It  contains  150  rooms,  including 
50  elegant  suites  with  private  baths.  The  new  and  magnificent  fire- 
proof addition  is  thoroughly  modern  and  elegantly  furnished 
throughout,  with  running  hot  and  cold  water  and  local  and  long  dis- 
tance telephones  in  every  room.  The  table  and  service  is  unsur- 
passed in  the  West.  Rates  $1.00  per  day  and  up. 

The  Alamo  is  operated  by  the  Alamo  Hotel  Company,  Geo.  S. 
Elstun,  president. 

Colorado  is  full  of  scenic  attractions.  Among  them  is  Pike’s 
Peak  and  the  Manitou  & Pike’s  Peak  Railway  (Cog  Wheel  Route), 


Top  of  Pike’s  Peak. 

and  of  the  many  thousands  of  strangers  who  visit  the  State  every 
year,  rarely  one  fails  to  make  the  novel  ascent  to  the  summit  of  the 
mountain  that  is  fittingly  termed  the  “Monument  of  the  Conti- 
nent.” 


Going  East,  One-Day  Trip. 


67 


In  nine  miles  of  peculiarly  interesting  travel  an  elevation  of 
14,147  feet  is  gained;  and  a view  comprising  more  scenery  to  the 
square  mile  than  is  visible  from  any  other  vantage  point  in  the  world 
is  the  reward.  The  time  required  for  the  round  trip,  including 
ample  time  on  the  Summit,  is  less  than  four  hours,  and  the  trip  is 
made  in  comfort,  and  absolute  safety. 

Descriptive  folders  and  booklets,  giving  more  detailed  informa- 
tion will  be  furnished  on  application  at  the  Bureau  of  Information, 
Temple  Block,  Salt  Lake  City,  or  writing  to  C.  W.  Sells,  President 
and  Manager,  Manitou,  Colo. 


The  One  Day  Trip 

That  Bankrupts  the  English  Language.” 

In  Colorado  there  is  a standard  gauge  railroad  connecting  the 
tourist  center  of  Colorado  Springs  with  the  World's  Greatest  Gold 
Mining  Camp,  the  Cripple  Creek  District,  which  for  grandeur  of 


scenery  and  marvelous  engineering  achievements  excels  anything 
in  this  country  or  Europe.  It  is  the  F.  & C.  C.  R.R.,  better  known 
as  the  “Cripple  Creek  Short  Line,”  opened  for  traffic  in  1901,  since 
which  time  its  fame  as  a line  of  unparalleled  scenic  attraction  has 
spread  to  all  parts  of  the  world. 

The  air  line  from  Colorado  Springs  to  Cripple  Creek  is  19 
miles,  but  this  famous  railroad,  in  its  ascent  of  the  mountains. 


68 


Going  East,  Four-Hour  Trio. 


twisting  and  turning  around  the  edges  and  over  the  tops  of  gorg- 
eous canons,  traverses  a distance  of  51  miles,  and  from  start  to 
finish  presents  a continuous  panorama  of  stupendous  and  bewilder- 
ing mountain  and  canon  scenery  which  baffles  all  description.  It 
was  a well  known  writer  who,  after  exhausting  his  entire  vocabulary 
of  adjectives  before  reaching  the  awe-inspiring  Point  Sublime,  six 
miles  out,  declared  in  desperation  that  it  was  “the  one-day  trip  that 
bankrupts  the  English  language.” 

It  is  universally  pronounced  the  feature  of  a western  tour,  and 
no  traveler  would  think  of  passing  through  Colorado  without  mak- 
ing the  side  trip  to  Cripple  Creek  over  this  wonderful  railroad,  in- 
cluding an  inspection  of  some  of  the  greatest  gold  mines  in  the 
world,  on  electric  trolley  cars. 

The  time  consumed  in  making  this  trip  is  three  hours  in  each 
direction. 

The  regular  round  trip  rate  for  this  trip  is  $5.00,  but  a low  one- 
day  excursion  rate  is  made  throughout  the  year. 

For  picture  souvenir  write  F.  C.  Matthews,  G.  P.  A.,  Colorado 
Springs,  Colo. 


The  Four  Hour  Trip 

The  World’s  Most  Wonderful  Scenic  Mountain  Auto  Trip 

In  close  proximity  to  Colorado  Springs  and  Manitou,  at  an 
elevation  of  nearly  9,000  feet  above  sea  level,  just  at  the  base  of 
Cameron’s  Cone,  lies  beautiful  Crystal  Park  of  over  1,000  acres, 
studded  with  open  groves  of  pine,  spruce  and  quaking  aspen  and 
wild  flowers  of  many  varieties  in  the  greatest  profusion.  It  was 
there  where  the  late  Hon.  John  Hay,  Secretary  of  State  under  Mc- 
Kinley, in  a log  cabin,  wrote  his  Life  of  Lincoln.  The  Park  derives 
its  name  from  the  many  beautiful  crystals  to  be  found  there. 

To  make  possible  this  wonderful  mountain  thirty-mile  scenic 
drive,  there  has  been  constructed  at  great  expense  a safe  private 
auto  road  of  very  easy  grade,  the  greater  portion  of  which  has  been 
carved  out  of  the  solid  granite  rock  and  is  as  smooth  a highway  as 
you  will  find  wherever  your  travels  may  lead,  and  has  been  pro- 
nounced one  of  the  engineering  marvels  of  the  age. 

With  every  turn  of  this  winding  mountain  auto  road  there  is 
unfolded  to  your  vision  one  grand  nature  painting  after  another, 


Going  East,  Denver. 


69 


together  with  a panorama  view  of  the  entire  region,  and  at  Inspira- 
tion Point  the  view  of  Pike’s  Peak  is  beyond  description,  and  then, 
as  the  car  climbs  to  a still  higher  elevation,  and  reaches  Point  Su- 
blime you  have  unfolded  to  your  raptured  gaze,  Cheyenne  Mountain, 
and  away  beyond  to  the  south,  with  an  immense  sweep  of  the  Plains 
to  the  eastward  and  through  Ute  Pass  to  the  north  can  be  seen  the 
Buffalo  Peaks  and  beyond  on  the  sky  line,  Gray’s  Peak,  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty-five  miles  away. 

Many  world-wide  travelers  have  said  that  a tour  of  Colorado 
was  absolutely  incomplete  without  taking  the  Crystal  Park  Auto 
Trip,  which  is  so  different  from  any  other  that  it  stands  in  a 


Crystal  Park. 

class  by  itself,  and  a well  known  traveler  who  has  circled  the  globe 
six  times,  said  that  it  was  the  finest  trip  he  had  ever  taken,  and  the 
grandest  views  ever  seen. 

For  further  information  address:  The  Crystal  Park  Auto  Road 
Company,  Colorado  Springs,  Colo. 

Denver,  Colorado. — Denver,  the  “Queen  City  of  the  Plains,”  is 
the  capital  of  the  State  of  Colorado.  Its  population  is  213,381.  It  is 
the  geographical,  railroad,  financial,  commercial,  political  and  social 
center  of  Colorado.  Denver’s  industries  embrace  manufacturing 
of  bicycles,  fire  brick,  stoves,  car  wheels,  pottery,  lead  pipe, 
boots  and  shoes,  crackers,  oveialls,  paper,  soap,  pickles, 


70 


Going  East,  Oxford  Hotel. 


brooms,  wagons;  carriages  and  street  cars,  onyx  roofing, 
chemicals,  fibre  cotton  mills,  breweries,  foundaries,  iron  and 
machinery  works,  packing  companies,  tannery,  three  large 
smelters,  etc.  Denver  has  public  buildings,  cathedrals,  churches, 
and  schools  unsurpassed  in  any  Eastern  cities  double  its 
age.  It  is  a city  of  brick  and  stone,  justly  celebrated  for  its  beau- 
tiful homes.  Its  altitude  of  5,170  feet  makes  the  climate  most  in- 
\ igorating. 


The  first  thing  that  catches  the  tired  traveler’s  eye  coming  out 
of  Denver’s  Union  Depot  is  the  famous  “Welcome  Arch,”  and  just 
through  it  the  splendid  Oxford  Hotel,  with  its  new  fireproof  annex, 
just  half  a block  away,  yet  remarkably  free  from  noise  and  dirt. 
You  have  no  cab,  taxi-cab  or  street  car  fares  to  pay,  and  your 
baggage  is  transferred  very  quickly  without  charge  by  the  Oxford’s 
porters.  Comfort  without  Extravagance  in  the  spacious  public  lob- 
bies, rest  rooms,  etc.,  quiet  and  scrupulously  clean  bed  rooms  and 
parlors,  beautifully  furnished,  at  rates  from  $1.00  per  day  and 
up,  and  three  splendid  cafes  serve  the  best  of  food  at  popular  prices. 
The  Oxford  is  generally  conceded  to  be  the  largest  and  finest  popu- 
lar-priced hotel  in  Denver,  absolutely  fire  safe,  and  is  owned  and 
managed  by  the  Hamilton-Brooks  Company. 


Information  for  Tourists 

Going  West  via  The  Salt  Lake  Route 

Boarding  the  Los  Angeles  Limited,  the  train  de  luxe  of  the 
Salt  Lake  Route,  or  the  superb  new  Pacific  Limited,  one  may  leave 
Salt  Lake  City  to-day  and  reach  the  heart  of  Southern  California 
to-morrow.  The  Salt  Lake  Route  is  comparatively  a new  line.  On 
May  1st,  1905,  the  company  operated  its  first  passenger  train,  dip- 
ping 500  miles  from  the  rail  distance  Detween  the  Inter-mountain 
region  and  Southern  California,  and  opening  thousands  of  acres  of 
choice  fruit  and  farm  land  for  settlement.  Supplementing  the  main 
line  to  California,  branches  penetrate  the  most  fertile  valleys  of 
Utah  and  serve  the  great  mining  camps  of  that  State  and  Nevada. 

Leaving  Salt  Lake  City,  the  main  line  skirts  the  shore  of  Great 
Salt  Lake,  passes  the  famous  smelter  village  of  Garfield  and  pro- 
ceeds into  Tooele  Valley,  whose  chief  town,  Tooele,  is  the  site  of 
one  of  the  largest  smelters  in  the  West.  Thence  the  tracks  ascend 
steadily  until,  at  Boulder,  an  elevation  of  6,060  feet  is  attained;  this 
is  the  highest  point  on  the  Salt  Lake  Route.  Descending  gradu- 
ally, the  line  passes  Tintic,  where  some  of  the  richest  gold,  silver 
and  copper  mines  in  the  State  are  located. 

Beyond  this,  mining  gives  way  to  agriculture.  Utah’s  great  cen- 
tral plateau  is  reached;  the  broad  sage  brush  plains  are  already  bear- 
ing out  the  predictions  of  Brigham  Young  who  declared  that  they 
would  one  day  become  the  granary  of  Utah.  The  Sevier  river,  har- 
nessed with  dams  and  canals,  irrigates  this  region  and  the  pros- 
perous towns  of  Lynndyl,  Delta  and  Oasis  give  proof  of  its  fer- 
tility. 

Two  hundred  and  seven  miles  from  Salt  Lake  City  lies  Milford, 
an  important  mining  and  live  stock  center.  A branch  line  extends 
to  the  mining  camps  of  Frisco  and  Newhouse,  while  stages  connect 
for  Minersville  and  Beaver.  In  the  vicinity  of  Milford  200,000  sheep 
are  sheared  annually  and  a quarter  of  a million  acres  of  dry  farm 
land  have  been  thrown  open  for  entry.  The  next  station  worthy  of 
note  is  Lund,  the  nucleus  of  a productive  district,  and  the  shipping 
point  for  Cedar  City  and  the  oil  fields  of  the  Virgin  river.  Near 
Beryl  lies  the  town  of  New  Castle,  the  headquarters  of  one  of  Utah’s 


72 


Going  West,  Salt  Lake  Route. 


most  promising  irrigation  projects.  At  Moclena,  stage  connection  is 
made  for  St.  ‘George  and  good  roads  lead  on  to  the  Grand  Canon  of 
Arizona.  Crestline,  Nev.,  sits  upon  the  rim  of  the  Great  Salt  Lake 
Basin;  from  that  point  the  tracks  descend  to  Caliente,  a division 
terminal,  where  Pacific  time  replaces  Mountain  time. 

Now  the  line  winds  through  the  gorges  of  Meadow  Valley,  into 
Rainbow  and  Palisade  Canon;  the  fantastic  formations  and  beau- 
tiful coloring  continues  for  many  miles.  Moapa,  Nev.,  is  celebrated 
for  its  cantaloupes,  which  are  shipped  to  the  chief  markets  of  the 
land.  The  main  car  shops  of  the  Salt  Lake  Route  are  located  at 
Las  Vegas;  this  rapidly  growing  town  is  also  the  terminus  of  the 
Las  Vegas  and  Tonopah 
Railroad.  Jean,  Nev.,  is 
the  railroad  station  for 
Yellow  Pine  mining  dis- 
tricts. From  Nipton,  Cal., 
automobile  stages  run  to 
Searchlight. 

Crossing  the  Sierra 
Madre  Mountains  through 
Cajon  Pass,  the  traveler 
enters  a magic  land,  whol- 
ly different  from  the  coun- 
try just  traversed.  The 
desert  is  forgotten  in  a 
landscape  composed  of 
majestic  mountains,  or- 
ange groves  and  a profusion  of  semi-tropical  flowers.  The  jour- 
ney’s end  is  the  city  of  sunshine,  Los  Angeles,  gracious  hostess  to 
thousands  of  fortunate  travelers. 

The  Baltimore  Hotel,  operated  by  E.  H.  Hess  and  W.  J.  Colopy, 
is  a new  and  absolutely  fireproof  hotel  of  254  rooms,  completed  and 
furnished  in  December,  1910.  The  hotel  is  constructed  of  rein- 
forced concrete  on  solid  cement  rock  foundation  and  has  every  con- 
venience know  to  modern  times.  The  rooms  are  furnished  up-to- 
date  and  are  large,  light  and  airy,  arranged  single  or  en  suite,  with 
or  without  private  baths.  Many  modern  innovations  have  been 
introduced  to  make  a perfectly  comfortable  and  pleasant  resting 
place  for  the  stranger  and  traveler  demanding  a modern  and  strictly 
first-class  hotel  at  reasonable  rates,  $1.00  to  $3.00  per  day.  The 


Going  West,  Los  Angeles. 


73 


Baltimore  occupies  an  enviable  location  on  the  corner  of  Fifth,  near 
Main,  the  civic  center  of  Los  Angeles.  Free  auto  bus  meets 
all  trains.  For  reservations  address  Baltimore  Hotel  Company, 
Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

PERSONALLY  CONDUCTED  TROLLEY  TRIPS. 

The  most  popular  moderate  priced  sight-seeing  trips  on  the 
Pacific  Coast  are  The  Old  Mission  Trolley  Trip,  The  Balloon  Route 
Trolley  Trip,  and  the  Triangle  Trolley  Trip,  visiting  all  points 
of  greatest  interest  in  the  section  covered,  each  trip  giving  a whole 
day  of  pleasure  and  educational  sight-seeing  for  $1.00,  and  all 
leaving  the  Pacific  Electric  Station,  Sixth  and  Main  Streets,  at 
0:30  a.  m. 

On  the  Old  Mission  Trolley  Trip  the  first  stop  is  at  San  Gab- 
riel Mission  (founded  in  1771),  where  free  admission  is  given, 


rile  Mission  of  San  Gabriel  where  present  interest 
links  with  the  history  of  the  past. 

then  to  Pasadena,  where  a stop  of  two  hours  is  made,  giving  ample 
time  for  lunch  and  a visit  to  the  famous  Busch  Gardens,  Orange 
Grove  Avenue,  etc.  After  lunch  the  journey  is  continued  through 
Baldwin’s  ranch.  The  last  stop  is  made  at  Cawston’s  Ostrich 
Farm,  where  free  admission  is  given  and  every  feature  of  this  great 
industry  fully  explained. 

The  Balloon  Route  Trolley  Trip  passes  out  through  beautiful 
Hollywood.  The  first  stop  is  at  the  National  Soldiers’  Home.  At 
Santa  Monica  free  admission  is  given  to  the  Camera  Obscura  (an 
exclusive  attraction).  Moonstone  Beach  is  visited,  and  then  a stop 


74 


Going  West,  Los  Angeles. 


for  lunch  at  Redondo  Beach.  A stop  of  two  hours  is  made  at 
Venice  where  free  admission  is  given  to  the  $20,000  Aquarium 
(finest  on  the  coast)  and  a free  ride  on  the  Race  through  the 
Clouds.  The  last  stop  is  at  Ocean  Park,  where  numerous  amuse- 
ment places  are  seen  and  enjoyed. 

The  Triangle  Trolley  Trip  traverses  a rich  agricultural  sec- 
tion to  Santa  Ana,  where  a short  stop  is  made,  then  through  the 
sugar  beet  district  to  Huntington  Beach,  then  30  miles  along  the 
sea  shore.  A stop  of  two  hours  is  made  at  Long  Beach,  the  At- 
lantic City  of  the  Pacific,  and  here  free  admission  is  given  to  a 
number  of  amusement  features  on  the  pike.  San  Pedro  (Los 
Angeles  Harbor)  and  Point  Firmin  are  next  visited,  and  a fine  view 
of  the  harbor,  the  $3,000,000  breakwater,  and  immense  shipping- 
interests  is  given. 

The  Orange  Belt  Special,  leaving  the  Salt  Lake  Depot  8:35 
a m.  daily,  and  returning  via  Southern  Pacific,  is  the  best  way  to 
see  Redlands  and  Riverside,  Rubidoux  Mountain  and  Smiley 
Heights  and  the  greatest  orange  growing  district  in  .the  world. 
This  is  the  only  personally  conducted  trip  going  via  one  railroad 
and  returning  via  another. 

Full  information  about  all  sight-seeing  trips  can  be  obtained 
at  the  Information  Bureau,  Pacific  Electric  Station,  Sixth  and  Main 
streets,  or  address  Personally  Conducted  Trolley  Trips,  Pacific 
Electric  Building,  Los  Angeles,  California. 


T 

L 


4 


Information  for  Tourists 

Going  West  from  Ogden  via  The 

Southern  Pacific  Railroad 

The  Southern  Pacific  is  the  original  route  to  the  Pacific  Coast. 
Since  its  completion  in  1868  this  road  has  not  spared  expense  to 
keep  in  advance  of  the  times  with  its  equipment  and  facilities. 
Enormous  sums  have  been  expended  in  protecting  the  line  with  rock 
ballast,  heavy  rails  and  electric  block  signals.  Double  tracks  have 
been  laid  where  the  traffic  is  heavy  and  by  the  close  of  1914  prac- 
tically the  entire  line  from  Ogden  to  San  Francisco  will  have  its 
east-bound  and  west-bound  tracks. 

Leaving  Ogden  the  traveler  quickly  finds  himself  “in  the  midst 
of  many  waters,5’  on  the  bosom  of  the  Great  Salt  Lake,  in  a palace 
car.  The  completion  of  the  Salt  Lake  Cut-off,  one  of  the  most 
novel  engineering  feats,  with  its  trestle  thirty-seven  miles  long 
spanning  this  wonderful  inland  sea,  offers  the  traveler  an  unique 
scenic  diversion. 

Continuing  westward  through  the  rapidly  developing  State  of 
Nevada,  made  possible  by  scientific  irrigation,  you  pass  Cobre  and 
Palisade,  where  connections  are  made  for  the  mines  of  Eastern 
Nevada.  From  Hazen,  496  miles  from  Ogden,  branch  lines  run  to 
the  Southwestern  Nevada  mining  camps,  Tonopah  and  Goldfield. 
Forty-six  miles  west  of  Hazen  is  Reno,  the  capital  and  metropolis 
of  Nevada. 

From  Reno  the  line  runs  up  the  canon  and  along  the  banks  of 
the  beautiful  Truckee  river,  the  source  of  which  is  Lake  Tahoe,  a 
magnificent  body  of  water  thirteen  miles  wide  and  twenty-three 
miles  long,  surrounded  by  forests  primeval  and  snow-capped  peaks 
of  the  Sierra  Nevada  Mountains,  6,240  feet  above  sea  level.  It  is 
conceded  the  most  beautiful  body  of  water  in  the  world.  A side 
trip  of  one  hour  from  Truckee  can  be  made  to  Tahoe  Tavern,  a 
splendid  hostelry  on  the  shore  of  the  lake.  A staunch  steamer 
makes  daily  trips  to  the  camps  and  points  of  interest. 

Leaving  Truckee  on  the  main  line  Summit  is  quickly  reached 
and  the  train  descends  along  the  American  river  which  at  Cape 
Horn  gleams  like  a silver  ribbon  hundreds  of  feet  below.  The  tran- 
sition from  snow-capped  peaks  to  tropical  scenes  is  rapid  and  in 


76 


Going  West,  San  Francisco. 


about  three  hours  we  go  from  the  land  of  hr,  pine  and  spruce  to 
orange  orchards  and  fruitful  vineyards. 

From  Sacramento  the  line  branches,  one  line  going  through  to 
San  Francisco,  one  northward  over  the  Shasta  Route,  noted  for  the 
grandeur  of  its  scenery,  to  Portland,  and  the  other  southward 
through  the  San  Joaquin  Valley  to  Los  Angeles.  From  Sacramento 
tickets  are  also  good  to  San  Francisco  on  the  Southern  Pacific's 
tleet  river  steamers  down  the  Sacramento  river,  through  the  “Neth- 
erlands of  America,”  Carquinez  Straits,  by  Mare  Island,  the  naval 
headquarters,  and  along  the  shores  of  the  various  islands  of  this 
most  wonderful  inland  harbor,  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  THE  EXPOSITION  CITY. 

San  Francisco,  the  centering  point  of  California’s  riches,  is  the 
metropolis  of  the  State  and  its  cosmopolitan  population  of  530,000 
^ives  it  a charm  no  other  city  sways.  Being  entirely  rebuilt  since 
the  fire,  it  presents  to  the  traveler  an  appearance  and  entertainment 
unexcelled.  In  1915  the  Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition 
will  bring  the  achievements  of  the  world  to  be  viewed. 

The  Southern  Facific  radiates  from  San  Francisco  to  all  points 
of  interest  in  California.  The  line  running  southward  through  the 
S'an  Joaquin  Valley  makes  of  easy  access  the  Yosemite  Valley  and 
the  Mariposa  Big  Tree  Groves  from  Merced,  the  Kings  River 
Canon  from  Visalia  and  continues  southward  through  the  Baker- 
field  oil  fields  to  Los  Angeles. 

The  Coast  line  runs  southward  from  San  Francisco  down  the 
Peninsula  through  a suburban  residence  district.  At  Palo  Alto  we 
reach  the  Santa  Clara  Valley,  far  famed  as  the  “Fruit  Basket  of  the 
World,”  with  its  thousands  of  acres  of  orchards  and  the  largest 
fruit  canning  and  packing  establishments  in  the  world.  One  line 
runs  along  the  foot  hills  overlooking  the  valley  to  Los  Gatos  and 
thence  through  the  beautiful  Santa  Cruz  Mountains  to  Big  Tree 
Station.  Here  are  some  of  the  largest  trees  in  California,  the  gi- 
gantic Sempervirens.  Eight  miles  beyond  is  Santa  Cruz,  a summer 
resort,  and  twenty  miles  farther,  along  the  shore  of  Monterey  Bay, 
the  main  line  is  again  reached;  or  from  Palo  Alto  one  may  go 
southward  via  the  main  line  to  San  Jose,  near  which  is  located  the 
famous  Lick  Observatory,  with  one  of  the  largest  telescopes  in  the 
world,  and  southward  through  the  Santa  Clara  Valley  to  Del  Monte 
Junction. 


Going  West,  San  Francisco. 


77 


From  Del  Monte  Junction  a branch  line  runs  to  Del  Monte. 
Monterey  and  Pacific  Grove,  located  at  the  south  end  of  the  Mon 
terey  Bay,  one  of  the  most  picturesque  portions  of  California. 
Here  the  first  United  States  flag  in  the  State  was  raised  and  here 
was  the  first  seat  of  government.  Monterey  abounds  in  old  adobe 
buildings  and  on  every  hand  the  old  style  of  Spanish  architecture 
is  evident.  A few  miles  out,  on  the  beautiful  seventeen-mile  drive, 
is  located  the  Carmel  Mission,  the  second  mission  founded  by  the 
Franciscan  Padres.  Hotel  Del  Monte  is  well  known  and  occupies 
the  center  of  a large  live  oak  grove  with  golf  links  that  are  unsur- 
passed anywhere.  Pacific  Grove,  an  all-year-round  resort,  is  noted 
for  its  high  intellectual  and  moral  atmosphere. 

Southward  from  Del  Monte  Junction  the  line  runs  up  the 
Salinas  Valley  through  San  Miguel’s  famous  old  mission  grounds  to 
the  crest  of  the  Santa  Lucia  Mountains.  The  descent  down  the 
southern  slope  is  over  one  of  those  splendid  engineering  feats  that 
has  made  travel  in  this  State  possible,  to  San  Luis  Obispo,  a mis- 
sion town. 

Southward  from  San  Luis  Obispo  the  train  follows  the  grand 
old  Shore  Line  of  the  Pacific  Ocean  for  over  one  hundred  miles  so 
closely  that  pebbles  may  be  tossed  from  the  car  into  the  sea,  and 
we  are  soon  at  Santa  Barbara,  the  Riviera  of  the  Pacific  Coast,  with 
its  splendid  hotels  and  unsurpassed  climate.  Beautiful  drives 
through  avenues  lined  with  palatial  homes  to  the  quaint 
old  mission,  the  only  one  now  being  operated  by  the  Franciscan 
Fathers,  and  to  the  Montecito,  give  days  of  pleasure.  A splendid 
beach  and  a delightful  climate  make  surf  bathing  popular  the  year 
round.  Southward  from  here  through  walnut  groves  and  orange 
orchards,  through  San  Buena  Ventura,  another  mission  town,  and 
Camulos,  made  famous  by  Helen  Hunt  Jackson’s  story  of  Romona, 
in  three  hours  we  reach  Los  Angeles  with  its  many  seaside  resorts, 
orange  groves  and  semi-tropical  climate. 


Yellowstone  Park 


The  Yellowstone- Western  Stage  Company,  operating  from 
Yellowstone,  Mont,  (the  Oregon  Short  Line  terminus,  at  the  West- 
ern Entrance  to  the  Park),  is  licensed  by  and  is  under  direct  super- 
vision of  the  United  States  Government.  The  line  is  equipped  with 
new,  four-horse  Concord  coaches  and  two-horse  surreys,  with  the 
finest  of  Montana,  Idaho  and  Oregon  horses. 


An  Eleven-Passenger  Concord  Coach. 


Coaches  accommodate  eight  to  eleven  passengers,  and  the  sur- 
reys three  to  five  passengers.  The  drivers  have  been  especially  se- 
lected for  the  service,  expert  horsemen,  familiar  with  the  route  and 
the  Park  in  general,  and  perform  the  duty  of  guide  with  their  re- 
spective parties  while  touring  the  Park,  stopping  at  the  most  pala- 
tial hotels  in  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

For  further  information  apply  to  F.  J.  Haynes,  Yellowstone 
Park,  Wyo.,  or  E.  W.  Twohig,  tourist  agent. 

YELLOWSTONE-WESTERN  STAGE  CO., 


Hotel  Utah,  Salt  Lake  City. 


Information  for  Tourists 

Going  North  via  The  Oregon  Short 
Line  and  Connections 


The  Tourists  in  traveling  to  the  North  or  the  Pacific  Northwest, 
will  appreciate  the  short  route  and  the  saving  of  time  afforded  by 
the  Oregon  Short  Line  and  its  connections,  through  Granger, 
Wyoming,  or  by  way  of  Ogden,  Utah. 

Leaving  Ogden,  we  journey  northward  through  Willard,  Brig- 
ham and  Bear  River  Canyon,  with  its  interesting  high  trestles,  tun- 
nels, etc.,  and  on  to  Cache  Junction.  This  is  the  junction  point 
of  a branch  line  operating  into  Cache  Valley,  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  and  fruitful  agricultural  sections  of  Utah.  Viewed  from 
Cache  Junction  in  summer,  this  valley  is  a veritable  garden  spot. 

Passing  Cache  Junction,  farther  northward,  we  reach  Poca- 
tello, Idaho,  134  miles  from  Ogden.  Pocatello  may  be  fitly  termed 
the  ‘‘hub  city”  of  the  Oregon  Short  Line  system,  for  from  it  the 
line  diverges  to  the  four  points  of  the  compass:  east,  to  Granger, 
Wyoming  (214  miles)  through  Soda  Springs,  Idaho,  with  her  medi- 
cinal mineral  springs;  through  Montpelier  and  the  thriving  agri- 
cultural section  of  which  it  is  the  center,  and  through  the  famous 
coal  districts  of  Diamondville  and  Kemmerer,  Wyoming;  north  to 
Butte,  Montana,  and  west  to  Portland,  Oregon. 

Traveling  north  from  Pocatello,  the  tourist  will,  of  course,  seek 
the  way  to  the  Yellowstone  Park.  Heretofore  this  famous  National 
Wonderland  was  reached  via  M'onida,  Montana,  but  the  Oregon 
Short  Line  Company  has  now  completed  a branch  from  St.  An- 
thony, Idaho,  further  south,  to  Yellowstone,  Mont. 


YELLOWSTONE  PARK. 


The  pioneer  outing  tour  in  Yellowstone  is  the  “Wylie  Way.” 
The  Wylie  Company,  is  licensed  by  the  United  States  Government 
to  operate  stage  lines  from  all  Park  gateways  and  to  operate  in  con- 
nection therewith  a chain  of  nine  permanent  camps.  Each  perma- 
nent camp  is  a village  of  tent-cottages — office  tent,  recreation  pa- 
vilion, dining  hall  and  dozens  of  private  sleeping  tents.  All  tents 
are  framed,  floored,  base-boarded,  double-topped  and  heated. 


Street  Scene,  Wylie  Camp. 


The  “Wylie  Way”  has  received  the  endorsement  of  the  Salt 
Lake  City  Commercial  Club  and  the  Salt  Lake  City  Passenger  As- 
sociation and  has  numbered  among  its  guests  hundreds  of  the  lead- 
ing citizens  of  Utah.  Its  charm  lies  in  the  novelty  and  informality 
of  the  service.  Every  point  of  scenic  interest  is  visited  in  a lei- 
surely and  comprehensive  manner  with  frequent  stops  to  prevent 
the  staging  from  becoming  wearisome. 

The  “Wylie  Way”  publishes  an  interesting  booklet  about  its 
system.  Call  on  or  address  Howard  H.  Hays,  General  Tourist 
Agent,  25  West  South  Temple  street  (opposite  entrance  to  Mor- 
mon Temple  Block),  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 


THREE 

Daily  Trains 

TO  CALIFORNIA 
Pacific  Limited 

“ELECTRIC  LIGHTED” 

Leaves  Salt  Lake  8:45  a m.  A Daylight  Trip  Thru  Utah 

Los  Angeles  Limited 

“ELECTRIC  LIGHTED” 

Leaves  Salt  Lake  5:00  p.  m. 

Overland  Express 

Leaves  Salt  Lake  11:50  p.  m. 


Excellent  Diner  Service 
TICKET  OFFICE,  10  EAST  3rd  SOUTH 

T.  C.  PECK  J.  H.  MANDERFIELD 

G.  P.  A.  A.  G.  P,  A. 




/ 


THE  VERY  BEST  OF  EVERYTHING 
AT  SENSIBLE  PRICES” 

THE  HOTEL  UTAH  IS  ONE  OF  THE  TRULY  GREAT  HOTEL  BUILDINGS 
OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  AND  THE  FURNISHINGS  AND  EQUIP- 
MENT THOROUGHLY  IN  KEEPING  WITH  THE  BUILDING  ITSELF 


Under  (he  management  of 

GEO.  O.  RELF 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS-URBANA 

91 7. 92UT1 1 91 4 C001 


